Objective: To determine the histo-morphometric effects of energy drink consumption in different doses on the pancreatic tissue of Wistar Albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Pharmacology, Isra University, Hyderabad. Period: April 2021 to September 2021. Material & Methods: Thirty healthy albino Wistar rats of body weight 200±20 were included in the study. Rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I (Control), Group II (Low dose energy drink 7.5 ml/day) and Group III (High dose energy drink 15 ml/day). The body weight of all animals was measured. Blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis including serum glucose, serum insulin level, and oxidative markers. Histo-pathological and morphometric findings were observed. Results: A statistically significant rise in body weight in groups II and III (p<0.05). Significantly increased serum glucose and declined insulin level was seen in group II and III compared with controls (p<0.05). There was a significantly lower level of oxidative markers observed in group III than in groups I and II (p<0.05). The mean pancreatic acini and islets diameter in groups II and III has decreased significantly compared with group I (p<0.05). The histo-pathological grading reveals that mild to moderate parenchymal changes in the pancreatic tissue of group II rats compared with group I. While moderate to severe changes were observed in group III compared with group I and II rats.  Conclusion: Caffeinated energy drink consumption results in oxidative stress and degenerative changes in the potential to seriously alter the exocrine and endocrine pancreas' normal morphology consumption.

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.

Objectives: To determine the serum uric acid (SUA) in systemic hypertension and its correlation with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Study Design: Cross sectional study design. Setting: Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital. Period: From April 2016 – February 2017. Material and Methods: A sample of 100 cases of systemic hypertension and 100 age, gender, body weight and BMI controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Volunteers were asked for history, physical examination, and blood sampling. Systemic BP was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. 2 ml venous blood was taken, centrifuged and sera were used for detection of SUA. Data was saved in a pre- structured Performa. Computed based statistical software (SPSS v 22.0, IBM, Incorporation, USA) was used for data analysis. Data variables were analyzed at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Serum uric acid in controls was 2.91±0.75 mg/dl compared to 5.70±1.76 mg/dl (P=0.0001). 57% of cases revealed hyperuricemia compared to 11% in control (X2=17.5, P=0.0001). Serum Uric acid showed significantly positive correlation with Systolic BP (r= 0.518*, p=0.0001) and Diastolic BP (r= 0.397**, p=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study reports hyperuricemia in 57% cases of systemic hypertension and uric acid shows positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxyphenol plant toxin that alleviates oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels and prevents tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical methods in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar Albino rats. Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, normal adult Wistar albino rats were recruited and distributed equally into; Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre and post-experimental body weight, analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology were carried out in all three groups. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the analysis of Data. Results: A statistically significant decline in the body weight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While reduction in sperm count, motility and viability was observed in Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-B in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Evident changes were observed in the testicular histology of Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Irregular, regressive, and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-B. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-C while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly. Conclusion: Resveratrol is a potent protective agent with promising results in attenuating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and eventually testicular toxicity.

Objectives: Investigating the Adverse effects of non-branded soft drink on therenal histology in an albino rat model. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration:Department of Anatomy, Isra University, in collaboration with Animal House, Department ofAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam over sixmonths duration 2014. Methodology: A sample of 30 adult Wistar albino rats of was selectedaccording to criteria. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A (n=10) controlrats, Group B (n=10) control rats given normal diet (12 hours fasting) and Group C (n=10)experimental rats. 3- 5 μ thick renal tissue sections were prepared, stained with H & E andexamined by light microscopy. Data was analyzed on statistical software SPSS 21.0 ver(IBM, incorporation, USA) at 95% (α)-level significance was taken at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results:Experimental group C showed an increase in kidney size and weight observed even after 12hours of fasting (P=0.0001). Histological examination of experimental kidneys show gapingBowman`s capsules, interstitial edema, glomerular distortion, calcifications, acidophilichyalinization of renal tubules, vacuolization of epithelial cell, pyknotic nuclei and necrosis.Epithelial cells revealed fragmentation and sloughing in experimental rat kidney. Conclusion:The present study reports deleterious adverse effects of non-branded soft drink on the renalhistology in an experimental albino rat model.