The recent state of the art innovations in technology enables the development of low-cost sensor nodes with processing and communication capabilities. The unique characteristics of these low-cost sensor nodes such as limited resources in terms of processing, memory, battery, and lack of tamper resistance hardware make them susceptible to clone node or node replication attack. The deployment of WSNs in the remote and harsh environment helps the adversary to capture the legitimate node and extract the stored credential information such as ID which can be easily reprogrammed and replicated. Thus, the adversary would be able to control the whole network internally and carry out the same functions as that of the legitimate nodes. This is the main motivation of researchers to design enhanced detection protocols for clone attacks. Hence, in this paper, we have presented a systematic literature review of existing clone node detection schemes. We have also provided the theoretical and analytical survey of the existing centralized and distributed schemes for the detection of clone nodes in static WSNs with their drawbacks and challenges. INDEX TERMS Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), clone attack, clone attack detection schemes, systematic literature review (SLR).

This paper describes primary production scheduling In the steel industry-the problem and the approaches to the solution. The scheduling problem in steel plants is known to be among the most difficult of several industrial scheduling problems. We first describe the main steelmaking processes and show how scheduling affects the effectiveness of plant operations. We characterize the problems associated with scheduling steelmaking activities to achieve business objectives of delivering quality steel on time to customers, while minimizing operating costs. We then describe several different approaches for computerized scheduling solutions. They include application of techniques in operations research, artificial intelligence, and a hybrid of these two. We conclude by describing advanced techniques for integrated scheduling of steel plants.

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Our environment is comprised of land, air and water, which shows symmetry and balance. Any kind of intervention in the constituents of the environment causes environmental pollution. Noise pollution is the result of one of these effects. It is associated with type/density of noise producing source and its distance. The present study was taken up to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the health of local community. The study was carried out to estimate the increased noise levels at two sites in Faisalabad, namely Canal Park located near the roadside (98 FT) in the form of narrow strip, and the Site-2 Gat Wala Park located (368 ft) away from the main road, and study of its impacts on health of coming visitors. It is concluded from the study that the Visitors were satisfied with the peaceful and calm environment of Site-2 Gat Walla Park while they were unsatisfied with site-1 Canal Park due to its noisy environment. Moreover, the distance of parks from the main road in addition to some other factors like, road and vehicles conditions, density of traffic etc. has adverse impact upon parks environment as well as health of visitors coming in the parks.