Background: Group B streptococcus or streptococcus Agalactia is a gram positive beta hemolytic bacteria which is the main factor in neonatal infections. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS in world and clarifying the rate of this infection in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Methods: We performed a systematic search by using different databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Psycho-Info ProQuest and Web of Science published up to Feb 2019. We undertook meta-analysis to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of GBS colonization in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Results: Among 3324 papers searched, we identified 245 full texts of prevalence of GBS in pregnancy; 131 were included in final analysis. The estimated mean prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 15.5% (CI:95% (14.2-17)) worldwide; which was 14% (CI:95% (11-16.8)) in Islamic and 16.3% (CI:95% (14.6-18.1)) in nonIslamic countries and was statistically significant. Moreover, with regards to sampling area, prevalence of GBS colonization was 11.1 in vagina and 18.1 in vagina-rectum. Conclusion: Frequent washing of perineum based on religious instructions in Islamic countries can diminish the rate of GBS colonization in pregnant women.

In this report, a case of ocular scleral metastasis was reported in a patient with a past history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was a 58-year-old male who was admitted to Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, 8 years ago with progressive dysphasia. Seven years after initial diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, the patient had no signs or symptoms of the disease. But 2 months ago, he was referred to the hospital due to ocular swelling, redness and watering. Pathologic examination of the excised lesion at Farabi Hospital reported metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma to the connective tissue of the sclera.

Background:Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in the world. Hence, we investigated the factors affecting disease control among diabetic patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital (central hospital in the Northwest of Iran).Materials and Methods:One hundred and eight diabetic patients were evaluated. Patient's main medications including insulin, metformin, glibenclamide, and glytazon were registered and the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glucose 2 h postprandial (pp), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. All risk factors were evaluated by using a questionnaire completed by the patients.Results:The average of HbA1c, FBS, and glucose 2 h pp was 7.33%, 159 mg/dl, and 233.03 mg/dl, respectively. In patients whose disease was controlled, the family history of the disease, the type of medication, and the visits to family physician had a significant association with disease control. The average mean of HbA1c among patients with controlled and uncontrolled disease was 5.93% and 8.63 % respectively.Conclusion:Less stress, education, and weekly exercise had an essential role in controlling the disease in diabetic patients from the Northwest of Iran and noncompliance with the prescribed diet by the physician and lack of timely medicine intake were the main reasons for uncontrolled disease.

Background: In all burn care systems; first aid, covering, and transferring burn-injury patients to the hospital all have an important role in managing and achieving a successful outcome. It seems there are wide differences in the main methods of providing first aid and pre-hospital care on burn patients. Despite several researches, the epidemiological specifications, level of care, as well as offered treatments is various in different regions.

Background: Various fetal surveillance tests are proposed to reduce the rate of stillbirth in diabetic mothers, however there is no sufficient evidence to support this. Objective: The purpose of the present systematic review was to assess the effects of fetal testing on reducing fetal mortality in pregnancies with diabetes. Materials and Methods: The databases were searched to find English and Persian articles published from 1975-2018 about antenatal fetal assessment in pregnancies complicated with diabetes. Relevant sources cited in the selected publications were also searched manually. Keywords were GDM, pregnancy, fetal testing, fetal surveillance, NST, BPP, CTG. A total of 1954 studies were identified. Of these, 1913 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract review. Results: Among the 41 studies retrieved for detailed full-text analysis, a total of 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Still birth rate was 5.6/1000, cesarean rate was 418/1000. In diabetic pregnant women (gestational and overt diabetes) with well controlled blood sugar who did fetal surveillance tests the intrauterine fetal death rate isn’t different with general population. Conclusion: As this systematic review suggests, fetal mortality is rare with fetal surveillance tests in pregnant diabetic women with good blood sugar control. No randomized clinical trial has been conducted to investigate this claim.