[1] The Quaternary Southwest Japan Arc is a product of subduction of the hot, young Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Continental Plate. The magmas erupted from the Southwest Japan Arc belong to a category of magmas commonly referred to as ''adakites'' or ''adakitic magmas''. These magmas show trace element evidence for interaction with garnet at depth, and may be associated with partial melting of subducted altered oceanic crust. Also found throughout the southern Sea of Japan region are alkali basalts with little apparent connection to the subduction zone. We have determined major element, trace element, and Sr, Nd, Pb, and U-Th isotopic compositions for a bimodal suite of lavas erupted at the Daisen volcanic field in the Southwest Japan Arc. These magmas consist of mildly alkaline basalts and a calcalkaline intermediate suite, separated by a $10 wt.% silica gap. The intermediate magmas show trace element and isotopic evidence for interaction with garnet, consistent with partial melting of the hot, young ($20 Ma) Philippine Sea Plate. The Daisen intermediate magmas are distinct from other adakitic magmas in their radiogenic isotopic characteristics, consistent with a significant contribution ($25%) from subducted Nankai Trough sediments. Our data suggest that the basalts erupted at the Daisen volcanic field are not parental to the intermediate magmas, and contain a small contribution of EM1-like mantle common in Sea of Japan alkali basalts but not apparent in the Daisen intermediate magmas.

Aims/IntroductionTo our knowledge, no studies have reported that cognitive tests can be used to evaluate whether or not patients can acquire the insulin self‐injection technique. We investigated whether or not the number of animal names recalled in 1 min by elderly diabetes patients could be used as a predictor of the patients’ ability to acquire the insulin self‐injection technique within 1 week.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 57 inpatients with type 2 diabetes aged >60 years who were starting insulin therapy. We carried out the Mini‐Mental State Examination and verbal fluency tests, which included recalling animal names and common nouns starting with the letters ‘a,’ ‘ka’ and ‘shi’ (Japanese letters). We used 12 checkpoints for insulin self‐injection to judge the patients’ levels of acquisition of the technique. The most predictive cognitive test was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn the present study, multivariate logistic analysis showed that the number of animal names recalled was the most reliable predictor of the ability to acquire the insulin self‐injection technique within 1 week. A figure of 11 animal names predicted a successful acquisition, with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 91% being observed (area under the curve 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.97, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe number of animal names recalled in 1 min was the most useful indicator of the ability of elderly diabetes patients to learn to manage insulin self‐injection therapy within 1 week. The cut‐off value was 11 animal names.

Introduction: Dulaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist that is administered once weekly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the immediate glucose-lowering effect of dulaglutide after the first administration and the factors affecting the efficacy of the drug remain unclear. Methods: This study was a retrospective and observational study of 80 subjects with type 2 diabetes conducted in a hospitalized setting. The changes (D) in the blood glucose (BG) levels at six time points (6-point BG levels) from the baseline (day -1) to the day after the first administration of 0.75 mg of dulaglutide (day 1) were evaluated. The associations of the D 6point BG levels with the patients' characteristics and laboratory data were also analyzed. Results: Significant reduction of the fasting BG, preprandial BG, postprandial BG, and standard deviation (SD) of the 6-point BG levels was

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Executive dysfunction occurs in otherwise cognitively normal patients with T2D. To assess executive function, we investigated the relationship between executive function and glycemic controls using verbal fluency (VF) tests. The present study enrolled 130 patients with T2D (age, ≥60; including 11 patients with dementia) and excluded stroke survivors. Their HbA1c levels were recorded every ≤12 weeks for &gt;5 years. All patients underwent VF tests. We analyzed the correlation between VF z-scores (standardized total scores) and glycemic control values (time-weighted average and maximum HbA1c levels for the past 5 years), or disease durations. As controls, we also investigated the relationships between stages of diabetic retinopathy (NDR/NPDR/PD) and past glycemic controls. The mean patient age was 74.7 years, the mean HbA1c at the baseline was 7.5%, median duration of education was 12 years, and mean disease duration was 18.3 years. Significant correlates for VF z-scores were age, years of education, and dementia in addition to glycemic control values. VF z-scores tended to correlate with average HbA1c levels, and significantly correlated with maximum HbA1c levels, for the past 5 years. The relationships between VF z-scores and maximum HbA1c levels remained significant after adjusting for age, years of education, and dementia. Generally, VF z-scores were strongly associated with maximum HbA1c levels for longer observation periods, i.e., VF z-scores correlated with maximum HbA1c levels for the past 5 years, best compared with maximum HbA1c levels for the past 4 years. As controls, diabetic retinopathy stages were also associated with average and maximum HbA1c levels. The diabetes duration was associated with diabetic retinopathy stages strongly, but not with VF z-scores. These results suggest that executive dysfunction may be caused by metabolic mechanisms other than diabetic retinopathy. Disclosure T. Minami: None. M. Yamada: None. Y. Ito: None. R. Furuta: None. S. Katsuragawa: None. S. Terui: None. T. Akiyama: None. F. Minagawa: None. Y. Terauchi: Research Support; Self; MSD K.K.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; MSD K.K.. Advisory Panel; Self; MSD K.K.. Research Support; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Novartis Pharma K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Research Support; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Advisory Panel; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Research Support; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Advisory Panel; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Research Support; Self; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Astellas Pharma US, Inc., AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Teijin Pharma Limited.