Background: Smokeless tobacco is one of the most common causes of preventable death. It is a big social and health issue. Smokeless tobacco utilization is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in India, with more than 20% of the world's tobacco-related mortality occurring in India. The Chronic Care Model is a guide for the principal care management of higher-quality chronic diseases. The Chronic Care Model gives a structure that redirects health care resources to better meet the demands and issues of individual with chronic illness. Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of chronic care model for smokeless tobacco cessation in patients reporting to Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Methodology: The study will be conducted among patients reporting to Out Patient Department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital who are chronic smokeless tobacco users. This study will be conducted between two groups, in one of the groups chronic Care Model will be used and behavioural counselling will be given and in other group only behavioural counselling will be given. Urinary cotinine level test will be performed on both groups of patients consuming smokeless tobacco. Results: The chronic care model would be advantageous for the smokeless tobacco cessation. In India, there appears to be an immediate need for the promotion of awareness and informing people about the health problems associated with the use of smokeless tobacco through the model of chronic care. Conclusion: The utilization of Chronic Care Model (CCM) helps patient realize that not only it is a habit to use smokeless tobacco, but a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment to cure it.

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The world has been witnessing threats due to different types of viral infections of respiratory system like the recent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Unfortunately, the conventional system of medicine has not come up with a successful strategy for the management of cases or for effective prevention. The development of a successful drug or novel vaccine is imperative at this stage of the outbreak and numerous research activities are underway. Ayurveda has legacy in the prevention and management of different types of diseases including viral infections, but with little documented evidence. In this study, Ayurveda physicians knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward the management of viral respiratory infections using a self-developed online KAP questionnaire having 28 questions was assessed. Six hundred and three Ayurveda physicians all over India across different affiliation and practice settings participated in the survey with a 65% response rate. Majority of respondents (73.4%) manage different types of viral infections and 85.3% positively responded to the involvement of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in viral respiratory infections. Nearly all the participants (98%) confirm the involvement of Pranavaha Srotas in the pathogenesis and 73% confirm the role of Agni also. The viral respiratory infections of respiratory tract are correlated mainly to Jvara, Shvasa, Kasa, and Agantu Roga. 79.43% physicians positively responded to the involvement of diet and regimens in the management of viral diseases. Sixty-six percent of the respondents manage such infections in line of Jvara, while 96.28% recommends that there is a definite role of Rasayana drugs and formulations in the management. Among the line of treatment suggested in the management of COVID-19 like illness, Jvarahara, and immune-modulation were the most recommended ones. Ayurveda manages various novel infections by its customized strategies ranging from prevention and therapeutic intervention. Ayurveda uses different seasonal and daily regimens; Rasayanas, suitable Shamana, and Shodhana interventions are selected based on different assessments to evaluate various aspects of disease and specific attributes of the patient. Systematic documentation and evidence generation may shed light on the importance of Ayurveda in combating novel infections of the present and future.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the influence of desynchronized circadian rhythm on working memory, concentration, and divided attention among pink collar shift workers of KLE Hospital as offering 24-h emergency health-care services and hospital care for critical patients by working in shifts can lead to circadian misalignment which can further impair alertness and deteriorate the performance, increase the medical errors and can negatively impact shift workers' health and quality of patient care. Materials and Methods: Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF) was performed to assess working memory by visual-spatial constructional ability and visual memory. Symbol digit modality test (SDMT) was conducted to assess concentration ability by divided attention, visual scanning, tracking, and motor speed. Following which, a recall test was conducted without any prior warning. Statistical analysis was performed by mean ± SD, unpaired t-test and P-value. Results: Shift workers’ and controls’ scores expressed as (mean score ± SD), respectively, were in ROCF copy test (33.52 ± 3.45) and (35.04 ± 3.45), in ROCF recall test (19.68 ± 3.71) and (26.6 ± 2.37), and SDMT correct scores were (49.16 ± 2.34) and (58.6 ± 4.11), SDMT error scores were (1.4 ± 2.32) and (1 ± 1.24), while SDMT total score was (50.56 ± 3.32) and (59.6 ± 5.65). Conclusion: Results obtained showed that the mean score for copy test in shift workers was comparatively low but not significant, while in recall test, it was significantly lower indicating lower accuracy to perform a task. Furthermore, their working memory was significantly affected. In the SDMT, the mean correct score was lower, the error score was slightly higher and the total score was significantly lower in shift workers, indicating lower accuracy to perform tasks involving concentration and attention, lower concentration and a significantly lesser speed while performing tasks.

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