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A partial shading condition is a case under which the PV array is exposed to many problems such as losses of the output power of the PV array, and the PV array has more than one maximum power point (MPP), which makes it so difficult to track the MPP. This paper presents the effect of different partial shading patterns on PV array characteristics and the effect on the output power of the PV array, and provides a comparative literature review on methods to mitigate these effects and the drawbacks of these methods. It also proposed a new reconfiguration strategy that increases the output power of the PV array by 13.8 % from the total power under shadow condition, and a new technique for enhancing the output power of the PV array by 20 % of the total power under fully illumining conditions by controlling the switch matrix between the photovoltaic array and adaptive batteries bank. This paper gives a solution for the problem of the difficulty of tracking the MPP, because the proposed strategy makes only one MPP. The simulation was carried out by using MATLAB Simulink under different shading patterns.

A physical channel branching unit for broadband communications is introduced. Such design facilitates carrier aggregation, a concept considered as the enabler for LTE technology (LTE is the last step toward the 4th generation of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks), to be promoted in the microwave frequency domain. What forms the proposed single outdoor unit is a four-channel circulator/filter chain, two for receiving and two for transmitting respectively. Such unit of certain frequency selectivity is ease of branching with another one of different frequency responses. Doing so yields radio-link bounding for higher bit-rate capacity while reusing single antenna system, meanwhile lowering demand for extra room in base station. In this paper, specification is defined and design method and implementation are addressed. Promising results for the initial prototype are demonstrated by simulation and measurement data. Lessons learnt and certain aspects for further phase of industrialized development are discussed as well.

~~~~~~~~~~Already ~:nnwn VVI denaoilula!~r cfrcitits are lin?~!~~? in t'x ?x!-g.aw of sonit' 3~~~a t e~d ai awbacks. Inherent nonlinearity md response to undesired amplit lde variations are example of these limitations. Also, realization of such circuits 011 a single chip is impossible because they need to employ transformers, inductors and/or large capacitors-A novel FM detector circuit, which is entire11 integrated using MOSFEIT tsch"ogy, on a single chip is developed in this papeq. It is precise, linsar Q V~I -a vi7itle Erequency range (> 200 H-lz), reliable and providing stable charackristics. It is also simple io design, easy to use and inexpensive to realize. hforzover, it is compatible with the recent scaling $ow11 trends.

No abstract