Background: Tracking the maximum power point (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential to increase the utilization efficiency. One of the most widely used algorithms is perturb and observe (P&O) technique.Methods: In this paper, tuning algorithms based on genetic algorithm (GA) and cuckoo search (CS) are proposed to provide optimal controller parameters for P&O MPPT. This optimal tuning is crucial in P&O MPPT applications of PV systems where it is difficult to tune the controllers using conventional tuning techniques to attain good performance because of the wide variations in the system parameters and its nonlinearity. The proposed tuning algorithms are used to overcome the drawbacks of the classical P&O MPPT under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions such as oscillation around the maximum power point (MPP) and low convergence speed.Results: The robustness of the algorithms is confirmed against fast varying insolation proving its ability to track the MPP in case of random and fast changing atmospheric conditions. An experimental set up of a 1 kW PV system is carried out and implemented using dSPACE DS1103 controller board and E4360 Keysight modular solar array emulator to validate the performance of the proposed optimal tuning algorithms. The measured results are in a close agreement with the simulation and the analytical system. Conclusion: Experimental and simulation results demonstrate a superior improvement in the transient and steady-state performances and in the maximum power tracking efficiency. The steady-state and the transient efficiencies of the presented work are 99.95% and 94.02% which are almost 17.59% and 10.61%, respectively superior to the classical P&O one and are 14.66% and

The character of the Republic of Indonesia is clearly expressed in each point of Pancasila (the Five Principles) which constitutes the basis for the nation. More recently, this character has been eroded by the effects of globalization, that cannot be avoided, the easy access to information today is one of the factors behind the deterioration of the nation's moral character. So, there are needs to be a filter in character formation. The author of the study used library research in the writing of articles. The author used books as data sources. Library research, commonly called library research, does so by studying written sources. The nature of this research is descriptive. Research subject in this article from secondary data. And the result of this study is that indigenous Indonesia education, which was instilled by ancestors, has long been a model of boarding school, primarily forming a true Muslim character. So, when associated with the current situation of declining character or morality of the children of nations, it is appropriate to look back in time, in an effort to correct the misconceptions of education that we are currently pursuing.

The synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive system is known to exhibit chaotic behavior under specified conditions. In this paper, the discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) technique is used to synchronize two SynRMs starting from different sets of initial conditions. The mixed variable speed reaching law is adopted in the design of the controller scheme. The parameters of the designed control scheme are tuned using a genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. In addition, the performance of the proposed control scheme is studied through simulations when bounded disturbances and mismatches between the parameters of the systems and those of the control scheme exist. The simulation results show that the designed control scheme is robust to bounded external disturbances and to mismatches in the parameters of the systems.

This study aims to determine the application of the Inquiry LearningModel, the learning outcomes in Islamic Education (PAI) subjectbefore and after the application of the Inquiry Learning Model, andthe effect of the application of the Inquiry Learning Model on theimprovement of learning outcomes in Islamic education subject ofthe tenth-grade students at SMAN 4 Enrekang. This study applied apre-experimental design in the form of one group pretest-posttestdesign. The results show that: 1) the application of the InquiryLearning Model in Islamic education subject was carried out verywell, 2) the value of the data on learning outcomes in Islamiceducation subject was most students got high score on the pretest.However, it has not reached the minimum mastery criteria. Whereasin the posttest, the learning outcomes of the students at SMAN 4Enrekang were in the high category. That is, the posttest results ofthe tenth-grade students of SMAN 4 Enrekang in learning Islamiceducation subject are high after 4 cycles of treatment arestrengthened by the results of the observation where the averageimplementation of the Inquiry Learning Model is 96.42% which invery good category, and 3) Application of Inquiry Learning Modelhas an effect on improving the learning outcomes in Islamiceducation subject of the tenth-grade students of SMAN 4 Enrekang,Kec. Maiwa Kab. Enrekang.Keywords: Application of Models, Inquiry, Learning Outcome