Background: Magnesium has an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate so that it may affect the release and activation of insulin which is the hormone that controls levels of blood glucose. Different studies all over the world have found a low serum Magnesium in diabetic children with poor glycemic control reflected mainly by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Our aim was to evaluate the serum magnesium status in children with type 1 diabetes and to assess its relation to glycemic control. Methods: A case control study included 50 diabetic patients whose ages were between 1 and 18 years and 50 controls who were age-and sex-matched chosen from the siblings of the patients who visited the center during the study period. Serum Magnesium was assayed and acut off point equal to and above 1.7 mg/dl considered as normal level. The glycemic control of patients was classified according toHbA1c % as good <7.5%, poor 7.5-8.5% and very poor >8.5%.Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: of the total patients 32% had Hypomagnesemia compared to 10% of controls. Serum magnesium level was significantly lower in diabetic children as compared to controls (p<0.007). The diabetic patients in the first quartile had the lower value of serum magnesium. The remaining values, including duration of diabetes and HbA1 were comparably nonsignificant. A significant inverse correlation was found between serum magnesium and glycated hemoglobin level(r=-0.302, p =0.033). Conclusion:Serum magnesium level is frequently low in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. There is a significant correlation between serum magnesium level and the glycemic control. Therefore we recommend doing regular monitoring of serum magnesium in type 1diabetic children and appropriate supplement of low levels.

Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of fenofibrate in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of oral fenofibrate in the treatment of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted at Heevi Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Duhok, which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It involved term infants who had jaundice. The neonates who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group or the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional phototherapy. Fenofibrate was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to the participants in the intervention group. Throughout the entirety of the treatment, levels of total serum bilirubin were compared and contrasted between the two groups. Results: After 12 h of treatment, a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.001) was seen in the serum bilirubin levels between the two groups. The difference in serum bilirubin levels became significantly progressively pronounced after 24, 48, and 72 h. The average time of discharge was 63.6 h for the intervention group and 90.9 h for the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The time it takes to lower high bilirubin levels in neonates may be shortened by combining conventional phototherapy with a single oral dosage of 10 mg/kg fenofibrate. Consequently, these neonates will experience a shorter hospitalization and an accelerated discharge from the hospital.