Robotic maze pathfinding problems deal with detecting the correct route from the start point to the end-point in a virtual maze environment consisting of walls. Automated robot mobility is a significant feature, which enables a mobile robot to traverse a maze independently, from one position to another, without human intervention. There is a myriad of autonomous industrial mobile robot applications, including the transportation of goods and parts, domestic cleaning, indoor security surveillance, airport baggage couriering, and a plethora of other applications to traverse dangerous locations. This paper proposes a pathfinding mobile robot in a virtual maze based on a combination of a simplified left-hand algorithm and a line-following control algorithm. The mobile robot works in any maze to determine a route from the initial starting point to the end-point. The approach outlined in this paper uses a left-hand algorithm to solve the maze problem and a line-follower control algorithm to enable the robot to move in a straight line through the virtual maze. The algorithm used is less complicated and prevents the robot from falling into infinity loops compared to the traditional wall-follower algorithm.

Traditional networking solutions are unable to meet modern computing needs due to the expanding popularity of the internet, which requires increased agility and flexibility. To meet these objectives, software-defined networking (SDN) arises. A controller is a major element that will determine if SDN succeeds or fails. Various current SDN controllers in many sectors must be evaluated and compared. The performance of two well-known SDN controllers, POX and Ryu, is evaluated in this research. We used the Mininet-WiFi emulator to implement our work and the distributed internet traffic generator (D-ITG) to assess the aforementioned controllers using delay, jitter, packet loss, and throughput metrics. What is new in our research is the study of network performance in two different types of transmission media: wired and wireless. The speed of the wired medium was chosen to be fast ethernet, which was not previously studied. In addition, the size of the packet was varied among 128, 256, 512, and 1,024 bytes. The comparison was performed on three topologies (single, linear, and tree). The experimental results showed that Ryu offers significantly lower latency, jitter, and packet loss than POX in most scenarios. Also, the Ryu controller has higher throughput than POX, especially on wireless networks.

Many industries are incorporating the Internet of Things (IoT) into their daily operations. Examples include smart homes, smart grids, smart cities, logistics, e-health, and physical security. An IoT-enabled smart building provides support for IoT applications that offer both quality and cost-effectiveness. Smart buildings are important places to deal with and manage all kinds of operating conditions, such as lighting, ventilation, humidity, temperature, safety, and others. Furthermore, it's critical to establish living spaces with better well-being standards and an enhanced quality of life. Additional problems that smart buildings create include the diversity of communication technologies and the inflexible architecture of the building. These issues include complications related to application and IoT device heterogeneity, efficient energy, security, and appropriate automation systems. This paper presents a survey of many researches on IoT in smart buildings, which we categorize into five important smart building applications: energy, localization, comfort, automation, and security. The survey is based on the most used communication technologies in smart buildings; the connectivity standards (PLC, PoE, RFID, Bluetooth, BLE, WIFI, UWB), transmission protocols (IPv6, 6LoWPAN, ZigBee, Z-wave, CoAP and MQTT), network topologies (Bus, Star, Mesh, Tree) and network area (PAN, LAN, WAN).