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Background Job stress is a probable mediator of the relationship between safety climate and accident occurrence. To demonstrate this, this study investigates the relationship between safety climate, job stress, and accident risk using a large number of surveys. The study will use structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data collected from the surveys to examine the effect of safety climate on accident risk through job stress. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 1,530 male workers of a petrochemical company. The subjects were asked to complete several questionnaires during rest periods, which included demographic information, the Nordic safety climate questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), and the generic job stress questionnaire (GJSQ). Additionally, data on the frequency and intensity of accidents among participants were gathered from the health unit of the company. Path analysis was conducted by structural equation modeling (SEM) in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. Results The results revealed that the latent variable of safety climate with an effect coefficient of – 0.112 did not have a direct effect on accident risk (P = 0.343). However, safety climate with an effect coefficient of − 0.633 had an indirect effect on accident risk through job stress (P < 0.001). The total score of job stress had a significant direct effect (0.649) on accident risk (P < 0.001). Among the dimensions of safety climate, the variables of management’s safety priority, commitment, and competence (− 0.108) and workers’ safety commitment (− 0.107) had the highest indirect effect coefficients on accident risk. Among the dimensions of job stress, the highest indirect effects belonged to the variables of conflict at work (0.636), physical environment (0.631), and workload and responsibility (0.631), respectively. Conclusion The results of the study revealed that job stress mediates the relationship between safety climate and accident risk. This finding suggests that organizations can potentially decrease accidents in industries by addressing and managing job stress in the workplace.

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<abstract> <p>Multiple attribute decision-making concerns with production significant in our everyday life. To resolve the problems that decision makers might feel uncertain to choose the suitable assessment values among several conceivable ideals in the procedure. Fuzzy model, and its extensions are extensively applied to MADM problems. In this study, we proposed an innovative Schweizer-Sklar t-norm and t-conorm operation of FFNs, Fermatean fuzzy Schweizer-Sklar operators. They were used as a framework for the development of an MCDM method, which was illustrated by an example to demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability. Finally, a complete limitation study, rational examination, and comparative analysis of the presented approaches has been exhibited, we originate that our technique is superior in offering DMs a better decision-making choice and reducing the restrictions on stating individual partialities.</p> </abstract>