Many recent studies indicate that the application of virtual teams has increased dramatically in recent years in various businesses and public services such as education as a result of the rapid progress in information and communication technology. The use of virtual teams increased further after the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic. The research problem lies in the contradiction between the increasing use of virtual teams in the field of business and services and the high failure rate in virtual teams, as the factors affecting the success of these teams still need further exploration and research. The importance of this study lies in highlighting the most important factors associated with the success of virtual teams in the field of higher education, as this study contributes to bridging the knowledge gap in previous studies that did not adequately address the performance of virtual teams in the higher education sector.

There is a growing number of multinational companies operating around the world, both in terms of their numbers and the amount of investments abroad. Along with this expansion, there is a noticeable trend among major multinational companies to establish virtual workplaces in order to take advantage of the benefits of global virtual teams. This study aims to increase in-depth knowledge of the benefits of global virtual teams in global business. This paper relies on the qualitative methodology through an in-depth content analysis of the previous literature starting from 2020 to 2023. The study concluded that the global virtual teams contribute to the growth of international business in three main ways, the first of which is reducing costs such as fixed costs such as rent, accommodation, etc., travel and transportation costs, and recruitment costs. The second is to increase productivity by attracting talents from different countries, the possibility of working 24/7, and innovative solutions to complex problems, and the third is the expansion in global markets through the geographical expansion of target markets, and the rapid response to changes in the international business environment. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a thorough grasp of the benefits of employing global virtual teams to promote international trade. These findings are particularly noteworthy because the current study explores the benefits of utilising virtual teams in depth, whereas previous studies mentioned them briefly in the context of other issues.

There is a growing global trend to adopt hybrid work in international business. The use of this type of business flourished during Covid-19, and many international companies are still adopting this type of business even after the end of this pandemic due to its many advantages. However, there are still many thorny issues that hinder the use of hybrid work in international business. This study aims to increase the in-depth knowledge of analyzing the opportunities and challenges resulting from the use of hybrid work in the context of international business. This paper relies on the qualitative methodology through an in-depth analysis of the content of previous literature starting from 2020 to 2023. The research problem lies in highlighting the incentives and disincentives in the field of international business that applies the hybrid business model in the light of the Dual Factor Theory. The study concluded that the hybrid business model provides many opportunities for employers and employees, including opportunities such as; the growth of international business across borders, ensuring business continuity in light of crises, flexibility that includes employment flexibility, flexibility of time and space to perform work, and finally increasing the satisfaction and job well-being of workers due to the flexibility that Provided by the hybrid work of the workers. On the other hand, there are still many factors that hinder the expansion of the use of hybrid work, including the difficulty of communication and international cooperation, cultural and organizational challenges, technological challenges, and the difficulty of balancing life and work. This study contributes to the structure of knowledge by providing a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and challenges facing hybrid work in order to promote international trade. These results are particularly noteworthy because the current study explores in depth the use of hybrid work.

Organizations and companies tend to employ virtual teams significantly. The problem of the study stems from the fact that there is a great contradiction between the increasing use of virtual teams in the field of business and their failure rate. Where the importance of virtual teams and their employment in the field of business is increasing greatly in recent years, especially with the great technological progress in information and communication technology and after the spread of Covid 19, and on the opposite side, previous studies indicate a large failure rate in virtual teams, which calls for more studies on the challenges that You experience the success of virtual teams. The importance of this study stems from filling the gap in previous studies that did not adequately cover this aspect. The current study concluded that there are three main groups of challenges facing virtual teams, which are diversity challenges (culture diversity, languages diversity, time zones diversity, and geographical diversity); technical challenges (first generation technologies, second generation technologies, and third generation technologies); and social challenges (conflict, communication, trust, and cohesion).

E-HRM has a broad and rich theoretical base that has an exceptional impact on the work environment. Numerous recent studies suggest that due to the rapid advancement of information and communication technology, the use of E-HRM technology has grown significantly in recent years across a variety of businesses and public services. The current study follows the qualitative research methodology by analyzing the content of previous studies related to the subject of the study. This study aims to increase in-depth knowledge and deliberates on the importance of E-HRM technology as an effective method in all areas that convert human resources from merely administrative partners to strategic partners in the work environment, via shedding light on the operational relational and transformational classification of E-HRM and how these classifications covering the business targets in the administrative relational and strategic aspects. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the theoretical part of E-HRM by elaborating on the Adaptive Structuration Theory as one of the best group communication theories and studies the interaction of groups and organizations with information technology. The study concluded that E-HRM is a critical technology that can meet the new workplace needs and handle the advanced work environment issues due to the emergence of globalization in the markets and the strong competition. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a thorough grasp of the benefits of adopting the E-HRM technology to improve workplace workflow. Moreover, this study clarifies the idea of E-HRM and demonstrates how important it is for practitioners and researchers to continue to explore and pay attention to it.