Critical analysis of technological skills deemed extremely important in the evaluation

Traditional perspectives have envisaged intelligence as one entity dominated by a single set of abilities (i.e. cognitive abilities), whereas modern perspectives have defined intelligence in various shapes (e.g. linguistic, musical and interpersonal intelligences). By the same token, traditional perspectives have examined stupidity as one set of inabilities (i.e. cognitive inabilities). However, it is not clear whether modern perspectives have discussed whether stupidity exists in various forms-in the same way as they have envisaged intelligence. To address this limitation, 257 university members were asked to share what they perceived as being stupid educational and technological practices in their institutions. Analysis of the data suggested three concepts were important to the members: moral, spatial and administrative stupidities. That is, stupidity is perceived to come in the form of failing to meet certain moral, spatial and administrative values. This implies that modern perspectives may conceptualise stupidity differently from traditional perspectives, seeing it as going beyond cognitive inabilities and viewing it as existing in various forms (e.g. moral, spatial and administrative stupidities). Thus, there are multiple stupidities as there are multiple forms of intelligence. A strength of this research is that it views stupidity through an organisational and qualitative lens, although some may traditionally expect such a topic to be examined quantitatively through psychometric and biological approaches.

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The power of rumours is that they can be broadly exchanged, generating a 'public temper' (which is everybody's temper without being anybody's temper in particular).This article, therefore, describes an approach to measuring the public temper, examining particularly the public temper of an Arab society, namely Saudi Arabia. It addresses the following research question: is it possible to analyse existing (scholarly) rumours to see if they can be used as informants of the public temper of the culture in which they exist? This question is answered ethnographically by analysing 579 Arabic online rumours collected by students as part of their critical engagement with educational technology. Having analysed the data, four categories emerged: the concerns, interests, attitudes and values of Saudi Arabia. According to the literature, these four categories, taken together, constitute the emotional domain (i.e., the public temper) of a society. Thus, a theoretical proposition (and contribution to the existing literature regarding sociology) is that rumours mirror the public temper of a culture, reflecting a range of emotions from simple to complex (from concerns, interests and attitudes to values). Simpler emotions (e.g., concerns) appear to be more easily affected by rumours than more complex emotions (e.g., values). An implication of this study is that rumours have 'biographies', which detail public tempers across space and time. Rumours are 'records' of public tempers that should be read in the same way archaeologists read landscapes and remains. Although rumours entail ill-defined information, it is feasible to well define society through such ill-defined information, meaning that something can come out of its opposite. This study offers ethnographers a new method of understanding public tempers through rumours, alongside conventional meaning-making symbols (e.g., poems).

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide a rich integrated educational environment, which capable of changing the lives of students. The purpose of this research paper is to investigating ereadiness of the students in the affiliate Institutions of the Royal Commission in Jubail, and whether their experience in using ICTs influences their judgement towards ICTs, and whether their judgement and experience toward ICTs influence their use of ICTs or not. Survey methodology is facilitated through the use of the questionnaires. Survey domain is a random sampling of studentsin Institutions of the Royal Commission of Jubail. With a 95% confidence level of a possible sample frame of 669, the study sampled 1032 respondents (15%). Results showed that students'judgement towards ICTs is highly positive, which reflect their e-readiness and willingness to use ICTs, but the analysis showed that the experience with ICTs did not significantly predict students'judgement about ICTs use. It was discovered that the following set of ICTs requires the most attention in the future adoption planning by the Royal Commission for its three affiliate Higher education institutions (HEIs): "Blackboard", "smart devices", "e-bulletin boards", and "e-materials". This set of ICTs receives the least scores of use and experience responses from study participants.The result of this study provides valuable insights into students' e-readiness. This information may be used to develop and support factors that enhance strategies for adopting ICTs by students.