This work is aimed to use polyaniline (PAni) as the conductive filler with a different weight percentage for the development of the electrical conductivity in poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) to apply in the green electronic devices and biomedical application. PHB is brittle, and for this reason, it has mixed with polypropylene carbonate (PPC)/plasticizer (TEC) to improve its toughness and then mixed with PANI/CB to introduce semi-conductive biopolymer. I-V characteristics of the samples were measured and showed ohmic behaviors, and this is apparent as the temperature rises above 50℃. It observed the semiconductivity properties of all samples. It has been found that increasing in PANI concentration in PHB/PPC matrix leads to increase in the value of the AC conductivity, dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) and dielectric loss (ɛ″). The AC conductivity of the PHB blends is improved from 10 to 16 S cm−1 (pure PHB) to 1 S cm−1 (composite 4), and this depends on the PANI concentration. These enhance in the electrical conductivity was due to the improved miscibility between all the components as shown in DSC, the single Tg, and Tm, which was supported too by SEM where PANI/CB is good dispersion in the PHB/PPC matrix.

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Salinity is an abiotic factor that severely limits agricultural yield around the world. Tomatoes are important crops among others due to their high nutritional value; however, when the crop is exposed to abiotic stresses such as salinity, tomato production could be negatively affected. The goal of this study was to measure the morphological and physiological responses of tomato seedlings grown under salt stress when carbon nanoparticle of oil fly ash (COFA) under heat treatment in the concentration (5 mg L−1) was applied to the leaves. In this study, three carbon nanoparticles (COFA, COFAH-J, COFAH-R) were applied to tomato seedlings under three different salt (NaCl) treatments: 0 mM, 20 mM, and 40 mM. For each treatment, three biological replicates were conducted, with each replicate containing at least three plants. Our findings demonstrated that salt-stressed tomato plants had considerably lower length of shoot and root, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments over control plants. Furthermore, salinity greatly enhanced the proline concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. However, the application of thermally treated carbon nanoparticles resulted in increases in the quantities of photosynthetic pigments and plant growth conditions. However, the tomato seedlings treated with COFA, COFAH-J, and COFAH-R increased SOD activity by 65%, 53%, and 45%; CAT activity by 67%, 63%, and 65%; and APX activity by 51%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, when seedlings were exposed to 40 mM. Overall, our data suggest that heated carbon nanoparticles of oil fly ash may improve tomato plants’ salt tolerance by enhancing their antioxidant defense systems. The beneficial impacts of thermally treated carbon nanoparticles in tomato plants offer up new avenues for their potential innovations in novel agricultural methods, particularly while plants are grown to saline conditions.