Background: Today, due to microbial resistance to antibiotics, herbs and their compounds are commonly used as alternative antibiotics. The extracts of some plants can inhibit the growth of microorganisms as new antimicrobial agents. Thus, they can have great applications in medical science and food industry. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of Tecomella undulata and Momordica charantia extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella dysenteriae. Methods: After the identification and collection of plant samples, they were dried and underwent extraction using a rotary machine following the soaking method. The microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extracts on standard strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella dysenteriae. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Tecomella undulata extract against the studied bacteria were 1.87 to 3.75 mg/ml. The highest lethal concentration of leaf extract was 15 mg/mL and the lowest lethal concentration of Momordica charantia extract was 1.87 to 3.75 mg/mL. The highest Momordica charantia extract concentration was 15 mg/mL and Shigella dysenteriae were eliminated at this concentration, Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that various concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tecomella undulata and Momordica charantia had inhibitory effects on human pathogens.

Different salt concentrations are found in the large portion of water resources and agriculture lands in which most of the plant species cannot be grown. Some microalgae species can be grown either in seawater or in brackish water which is not usable for normal agriculture. The present study analyzed the gene expressions associated with salt stress in Dunaliella Salina. The expression of three coding genes namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), channelrhodopsin-1 DChR1 protein (DC), and sodium-coupled phosphate transporter protein (DSSPT) were evaluated at three salinity levels: 3 gl-1 (low), 32 gl-1 (control), 100 gl-1 (high). The analysis were performed on the 5 th , 10 th and 17 th day of culture. The results revealed that for low and high salt treatments, the lowest gene expressions were observed on 5 th day of growth, however, the gene 10 th day. It should be noted that, under low salinity conditions (3 gl-1), gene expressions were lower than high salinity concentration during the growth phase.