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Tri-substituted cardanol based benzoxazine with functionalized rice husk ash (CBz/ FRHA) bio-composites were developed using renewable resource materials, and their thermal, electrical, and biological properties were studied by different analytical methods. The molecular structure of CBz was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Data resulted from thermal studies indicated that the incorporation of biobased silica reinforcement effectively improved the thermal properties including T g , thermal stability and char yield. Dielectric studies indicate that the bio-based composites possess the lower value of dielectric constant (low k-2.15) than that of neat matrix (low k-4.04). Further, the antimicrobial studies were carried out against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus bacteria using disk diffusion method and the results obtained confirm that the CBz/FRHA bio-composites possess an improved antibacterial behavior. Data resulted from different studies, and it is suggested that CBz/FRHA based bio-composites can be used as cost competitive materials in the form of adhesives, sealants, encapsulants and matrices for low-k insulation application in the field of microelectronics for highperformance applications.

This work is an attempt to develop bio-based eco-friendly poly­(benzoxazine-co-urethane) [poly­(U-co-CDL-aee)] materials using cardanol-based benzoxazines (CDL) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) to check their self-healing ability and thermal properties. CDL monomers were synthesized using cardanol, amino ethoxyethanol (aee) or 3-aminopropanol (3-ap), and paraformaldehyde through the Mannich reaction. Later, CDL-aee or CDL-3-ap monomers were copolymerized with a urethane precursor (HMDI), followed by ring-opening polymerization through thermal curing. The thermal properties of poly­(U-co-CDL) were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The self-healing behavior of the bio-based poly­(U-co-CDL) was checked by applying a mild external pressure. The results revealed that the developed poly­(U-co-CDL) showed repeatable self-healing ability due to supramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Further, the self-healing ability of poly­(U-co-CDL) was studied using density functional theory (DFT). From the above results, the developed material with superior self-healing ability can be used in the form of self-healing coatings and composites for various applications with extended shelf-life and reliability.

Bio-based benzoxazines used eugenol and incorporated bio-silica (BS) and trimethylolpropane-tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (SH) for self-healing, recycling, and reshaping applications.

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