In this randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of using a virtual reality (VR) and communication intervention on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing lipoma excision under local anesthesia. We conducted the study at a large hospital in Turkey between March 15 and September 15, 2019, with 100 participants. We used a pretest and posttest design to collect data with a personal information form, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group participants watched a video using a VR headset during the procedure and communicated with an investigator; the control group participants only received routine surgical treatment. The intervention had a significant effect on pain during the procedure (P < .001) and a moderate effect on anxiety 60 minutes after the procedure (P = .01). Use of VR and active communication may help reduce pain and anxiety for patients undergoing procedures performed with local anesthesia.

Throughout history, the concept of presence has been discussed in the fields of psychology, philosophy, and spirituality. It was first introduced to the nursing field in the mid-1960s, and discussion has continued into the present day. Different definitions and classifications have been made from the different points of views. Concept of presence has been defined per following. According to well-known writers in nursing area, there are a numbers of different definitions for the concept of presence. For instance, it can be a voluntary action a nurse takes when caring for patients; it can also include focusing on the moment, being physically available, and tending to patients' needs. This review aims to theoretically examine the definition, classification and presence of nursing in light of the available literature.

BACKGROUND: Among women who have suffered loss of pregnancy, the level of grief decreases gradually. Age, mental health status and childlessness are the factors known to mostly affect women’s levels of grief. OBJECTIVES: To assess the levels of grief among women who experienced perinatal loss and the changes in their ruminative thought styles over the first year after their loss. DESIGN AND SETTING: One-year follow-up study carried out in a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study population included 70 women who experienced loss of pregnancy in the hospital. The sample size was calculated using G*Power V3.1. Data were collected at 48 hours, at the third month, at the sixth month and at one year after pregnancy loss, between June 2018 and June 2019. A personal information form, the Perinatal Grief Scale and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire were used for data collection. RESULTS: The women’s highest levels of grief and ruminative thought style were in the first 48 hours. Their tendency towards grief and ruminative thought styles decreased over the repeated measurements during the follow-up. Women aged 20-29 years had the highest levels of grief at the third month after perinatal loss. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing assessments regarding grief and ruminative thought style over the first 48 hours after perinatal loss should be integrated into nursing care for these women. Grief follow-up programs for these women can be developed through nursing research.

Lung cancer is most common and a leading cause of death in women and

Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların bilişsel işlev düzeyi, depresyon ve yaşam kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi Amaç: Bu çalışma, huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin bilişsel işlev düzeyi, depresyon ve yaşam kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olarak Adana/Türkiye'deki bir Huzurevi Yaşlı Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi'nde 1 Mayıs-1 Ağustos 2016 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya Basit Tesadüfi örnekleme formülü ile belirlenen toplam 118 yaşlı birey alınmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT), Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği (GDÖ) ve Yaşlılar İçin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Modülü (DSÖYKM) ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm analizlerde anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan yaşlı bireylerin %36.4'ü (n=43) kadın, %63.6'sı (n=75) erkek olup yaş ortalaması 74.08±8.23 yıldır. Yaşlıların SMMT'den aldıkları puan ortalaması 20.37±7.08, GDÖ puan ortalaması 14.92±4.29 ve DSÖYKM puan ortalaması 69.76±11.54'dür. SMMT ile GDÖ puanları arasında negatif yönde; DSÖYKM toplam puanları arasında pozitif yönde (p<0.01), GDÖ puanları ile DSÖYKM toplam puanları arasında ise negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda; huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların yarısından fazlasında bilişsel bozulma ve depresyon yaşandığı, yaşlı bireylerde bilişsel durum, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesinin birbirleriyle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bilişsel işlev düzeyi; depresyon; yaşam kalitesi.