This study was carried out using 94 ewes at Erbil plain - Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. The overall mean mortality rates from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age were 8.6 and 6.6%, respectively. Age of dam, type of birth, weight of the dam at matting, Body Condition Score (BCS) and birth weight had an important significant (P<0.05) impact on lamb mortality from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age. This research revealed  that a higher  lamb  mortality (4.2%) was registered for  dams aged  2 years, while a  lower mortality(6.6%) was found in dams aged 5-6 years, no significant differences in mortality among males and females were appeared, male lambs showed a higher mortality than females, type of birth showed an important impact (P<0.05) on lamb mortality. Single born lamb mortality was 5.5%, whereas that of the twin born lamb was significant (13.6%). Ewes with the (BCS) of 2-3 showed a higher mortality (14.2%), while those ewes with (BCS) more than 3 recorded the lowest lamb mortality (5.4%). Lambs weighting less than 3 kg at birth registered a higher mortality compared with lambs weighing 3 kg, or more which showed the lowest mortality. It has appeared from the results of this study that most of the non-genetic factors studied involve: Age of dam, type of birth, birth weight, and weight of the dam, and body condition score showed a substantial significant influence on lamb mortality between birth and weaning of Kurdi sheep.

     The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of frequent kidding on the reproductive and productive traits in Shami (Damascus) goats. The study was carried out in a commercial private farm at Qushtapa district in Erbil, Iraq. Sixty seven Shami goats were involved during the period from July/2013 to May /2016 for the three kidding seasons. The overall means of daily test milk production and seasonal milk production were 1.955 kg and 176.70, respectively. Frequent kidding significantly (P<0.05) affected daily test milk production and seasonal milk production. Total kids born in three kid crops system in two years (accelerating kidding) were 150 compared with75 kids in two kid crop (naturally annual mating system). The total milk production was 5.85 kg in the accelerating kidding system, compared with 4.056 kg achieved through the annual system.  Month of test, age of does, sex and type of birth and weight of does at kidding had exhibited significant effects on daily test milk production and seasonal milk production. Daily milk production was higher during the third month (2.004kg) compared with those obtained from the second (1.957 kg) and first (1.903 kg) months of test. Daily test milk production produced by does at about 5 years old was higher (2.079 kg) than that produced from younger goats (1.634 kg). Daily test milk production of does which gave males were higher (1.943kg), recorded significant at the level (P<0.01) than does which gave females (1.777kg). Does weighting over 60 kg at kidding produced 1.933 kg of milk compared with does weighting less than 50 kg (1.819 kg). Repeatability estimate obtained for daily test milk production was 0.64. It can be concluded that the performance of animals in the three kidding in two years of Shami goat was more beneficial for farmers and provided more milk and meat.

This study was carried out at the private field Jezhnikan village, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq, on (101) ewes (245) records and (5)rams of different ages and weights over the period April( 2018) until May(2020, in order to study the genetic evaluation and relationship between lams weight and ewe's weights at matting, birth and milking in Kurdi sheep. The results showed that the overall mean of birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) 4.243 kg and 23.231kg, respectively. It has been shown that the years of birth significantly affected (P≤0.05) on birth weight birth, the weight recorded in this study were, (4.207 kg and 4.318) kg ewes lambed during 2019 and 2020 respectively. The effect was significant (p ≤0.05) for the sex and type of birth in birth weight and weaning weight. However Month of birth and age of dam had non-significant effect on (BW) and (WW). The heritability estimate of (BW) and (WW) was found to be (0.21) and (0.13) respectively. The genetic correlation between (BW) and (WW) were 0.68 highly and significant (P≤0.05) however low and significant (P≤0.05) with ewes weight at (mating, birth and milking) were 0.15, 0.14 and 0.15 respectively, breeding value of rams ranged between-0.113to 0.065 and -0.048to 0.263for (BW) and (WW) respectively, we concluded that most of breeding value and non-genetic factors had important effect of (BW) and (WW).

This study aimed to estimate the effect of breed, Body Condition Score (BCS) and age on some economic traits of local flock's ewes. The ewes studied in the present investigation represent three local breeds (53 karadi, 44 Awassi and 47 Mamesh) bred in Erbil plain during the period from January/ 2009 to June /2010.The results showed a highly significant breed effect (p <0.01) on all the studied traits. Mamesh ewes surpassed both Karadi and Awassi ewes in milk yield (102.269, 88.254 and 92.684 kg), respectively, besides the lambs of the same breed were superior in birth weight (4.885kg) and weaning weight (27.612kg) compared with karadi and Awassi lambs. Greasy fleece weights of the Karadi, Awassi and Mamesh ewes were 2.220, 1.829 and 2.585kg respectively. The superiority of Mamesh ewes were found to be highly significant (p <0.01). The study also revealed that the (BCS) exerts an important effect on milk yield, greasy fleece weight and birth weight. Ewes with (BCS) 4 showed a higher milk yield (102.883kg) as comparing with ewes having (BCS) 3(95.083kg) and that having (BCS) 2 (86.391kg) .Correlation coefficient highly significant (p <0.01) between birth weight and milk yield was 0.32and between birth weight and weaning weight was 0.38and between ewes body weight and greasy fleece weight was 0.43.

This study was conducted on local sheep belongs to private flock in Erbil plain during the period 4/11/2011 till 25/10/2012. The investigation included 65 local sheep to study the effect of sex chromatinfrequency on the Daily Milk Yield (DMY), weight and age of ewes in addition the calculation ofRegression and Correlation coefficients between the studied traits of local sheep. The overall means offrequency of sex chromatin (drum stick, Appenx without stick, tear drop and small club). Appearedwith normal Neutrophils were 1.897, 1.034, 1.241, 0.741 and 95.86% respectively. The overall means ofDMY was 533.6g. The results showed that there was significant (P≤0.05) in relationship to DMY, thehighest rate of DMY was shown among the sheep had sex chromatin drum stick (675. 5g), while the rateof DMY was at lowest production among the sheep which had sex chromatin of small club (425.4g). Asignificant effect of weights and age of sheep on the patterns of sex chromatin were observed. Thehighest rate of DMY among the sheep was at the age of 4 years raised high rate of sex chromatin type(drum stick). A significant(P≤0.05) positive Correlation coefficient between DMY and sex chromatintype (drum stick) with value of 0.673, while there was a negative and significant (P≤0.05). Regressioncoefficient of DMY on sex chromatin coefficient (small club ) with coefficient of Regression value (-0.074). In addition the highest value of Correlation between the DMY and sex chromatin of (drum stick)was (0.856), followed with Correlation coefficient value between type of birth and weights of ewes(0.784), while the lowest Correlation value was (-0.087) between DMY and sex chromatin of (small club).