The essential oil of aerial parts of Ruta montana L. growing in the Oran region in the west of Algeria was obtained by hydrodistillation with a 1.63% yield on a dry weight basis. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analyses were carried out to identify the chemical composition of R. montana essential oil. Moreover, spectrophotometric analyses were employed to highlight the scavenger capacity of this oil using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Twenty compounds were identified by GC and CG/MS analyses, and the bulk of the compounds of the oil were undecan-2-one (32.8%), nonan-2-one (29.5%), nonanol-2-acetate (18.2%), and psoralen (3.5%). The results obtained using the DPPH test show that R. montana essential oil possesses antiradical activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, a linear correlation (correlation coefficient R(2) = 0.971, P < .001) was found between the reduction of DPPH stable free radical and the concentration of R. montana essential oil.
Une saponine β-sitoglucoside a été séparée de Anabasis articulata : plante utilisée par la médecine traditionnelle algérienne comme remède pour le traitement du diabète (Chenopodiaceae). Différentes méthodes chromatographiques et spectroscopiques ont permis d'identifier le produit isolé. Les expériences menées sur des souris diabéti-ques (induction du diabète expérimental par le glucose) ont révélé que l'administration orale de l'extrait butanolique (saponines) 10 mg/kg entraînait une diminution de 20,09 % de la glycémie (p < 0,05), après six heures de traitement. Ces résultats ont montré également que l'administration orale de 4 mg/kg de la molécule β-sitoglucoside diminue la glycémie de 24,02 % (p < 0,05) après six heures de traitement et correspond à la plus forte diminution chez des souris diabétiques (effet antihyperglycémiant), similaire à l'action antidiabétique de la molécule de référence : la glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). Cette dose a permis de rétablir le taux de glycé-mie chez les souris diabétiques alors que la concentration de 2 mg/kg n'a pas d'effet sensible. La présente étude confirme l'effet antidiabétique de la molécule séparée. Antihyperglycemic activity of β-sitoglucosid sterol isolated from the plant of Anabasis articulata (Forssk) MoqAbstract: β-sitoglucoside saponin was separated from Anabasis articulata: plant used in traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes (Chenopodiaceae). Different methods and spectroscopic chromatography have allowed to identify the product isolated. Experiments were performed in non-diabetic mice, and in diabetic mice (glucose treated mice) showed that oral administration of the butanolic extract (saponins) 10 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 20.09% (P < 0.05), six hours after administration. These results also showed that oral administration of 4 mg/kg of β-Sitoglucoside decrease the glycaemia to 24.2% (P < 0.05) after six hours of treatment and corresponding to the greatest reduction in diabetic mice (anti-hyperglycemic effect) similar to the antidiabetic action of reference molecule: glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). This dose has been able to restore the blood glucose level in diabetic mice, whereas the concentration of 2 mg/kg had no appreciable effect. This study confirms the effect of the antidiabetic compound separated.
l-Theanine (or l-γ-N-ethyl-glutamine) is the major amino acid found in Camellia sinensis. It has received much attention because of its pleiotropic physiological and pharmacological activities leading to health benefits in humans, especially. We describe here a new, easy, efficient, and environmentally friendly chemical synthesis of l-theanine and l-γ-N-propyl-Gln and their corresponding d-isomers. l-Theanine, and its derivatives obtained so far, exhibited partial coagonistic action at N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, with no detectable agonist effect at other glutamate receptors, on cultured hippocampal neurons. This activity was retained on NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In addition, both GluN2A and GluN2B containing NMDA receptors were equally modulated by l-theanine. The stereochemical change from l-theanine to d-theanine along with the substitution of the ethyl for a propyl moiety in the γ-N position of l- and d-theanine significantly enhanced the biological efficacy, as measured on cultured hippocampal neurons. l-Theanine structure thus represents an interesting backbone to develop novel NMDA receptor modulators.
Étude de l'effet antidiabétique des saponines extraites d'Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, plante utilisée traditionnellement en Algérie Résumé : Anabasis articulata (Chenopodiaceae) est une plante utilisée par la médecine traditionnelle algérienne comme remède pour le traitement du diabète. Lors de nos différentes expériences, nous avions relevé que l'extrait aqueux ne montre aucune toxicité aux doses, allant jusqu'à 1 000 mg/kg pendant des traitements (24 et 72 heures). Les expériences menées sur des souris normales et sur un modèle de souris diabétiques (induction du diabète expérimental par l'alloxane) ont révélé que l'administration orale de la dose de 400 mg/kg entraînait une diminution de 29,89 % de la glycémie (p < 0,05) après six heures de traitement et correspondait à la plus forte diminution chez des souris normales (effet hypoglycé-miant). Ces résultats ont montré également que l'administration orale de cette même dose diminue la glycémie de 74,48 % (p < 0,05) chez les souris diabétiques, 21 jours après le traitement. Le screening phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence des saponines et des alcaloïdes au niveau de l'extrait étudié avec un pourcentage de 1,25 et 1,30 %, respectivement. Nos résultats ont montré que la fraction contenant les saponines triterpénoïdes présentait une activité antihyperglycémiante significative à la dose de 5 mg/kg. Cette dose a permis de rétablir le taux de glycémie normal chez les souris diabétiques après 21 jours de traitement, alors que la traction alcaloïdique n'a pas d'effet sensible. La présente étude confirme l'absence de toxicité en subaiguë et confirme également l'usage traditionnel des effets antidiabétiques et d'Anabasis articulata avec le support d'activité au niveau de la fraction comportant des saponines triterpénoïdes. Study of anti-diabetic effect of saponins extracted from Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, a plant traditionally used in AlgeriaAbstract: Anabasis articulata is a plant used by Algerian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes. The aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic until at 1,000 mg/kg during period (24 and 72 hours). Experiments were performed in non-diabetic mice, and in diabetic mice (alloxan treated mice). Our results showed that the orally administration at a dose of 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 29.89% (p < 0.05), 6 hours after administration, corresponding to the greatest decrease of blood glucose in normoglycaemic mice (hypoglycemic effect). They also show that orally administration at 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 74.48% (p < 0.05) 21 days after treatment. Phytochemical screening exhibited that the aqueous extract contains alkaloid and saponin components with percentage 1.25 and 1.30%, respectively. Our findings displayed that saponin (at 5 mg/kg) was the active fraction, as it permitted to restore the normal blood glucose levels, after 21 days of treatment, and that the alkaloid fraction did not significantly reduce the blood glucose level. The present study shows the no toxic effect i...
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