SUMMARY Ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage, a major risk factor for skin cancers, is primarily repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). UV-radiation Resistance Associated Gene (UVRAG) is a tumor suppressor involved in autophagy. It was initially isolated as a cDNA partially complementing UV sensitivity in Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), but this was not explored further. Here we show that UVRAG plays an integral role in UV-induced DNA damage repair. It localizes to photolesions and associates with DDB1 to promote the assembly and activity of the DDB2-DDB1-Cul4A–Roc1 (CRL4DDB2) ubiquitin-ligase complex, leading to efficient XPC recruitment and global-genomic NER. UVRAG depletion decreased substrate handover to XPC and conferred UV-damage hypersensitivity. We confirmed the importance of UVRAG for UV-damage tolerance using a Drosophila model. Furthermore, increased UV-signature mutations in melanoma correlate with reduced expression of UVRAG. Our results identify UVRAG as a regulator of CRL4DDB2-mediated NER and suggest that its expression levels may influence melanoma predisposition.

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В последние годы цифровая экономика Китая стремительно развивается. Средний уровень цифровизации экономики остается ниже, чем в развитых странах, но в отдельных регионах и секторах уровень цифровизации уже достиг высоких показателей, особенно в электронной торговле и финансовых технологиях, особенно в прибрежных регионах. Эти трансформации ускорили рост производительности, в различной степени повлияв на уровень занятости в разных секторах. В будущем цифровизация продолжит трансформировать экономику Китая, увеличивая эффективность и смягчая последствия замедления потенциального экономического роста, возникающего по мере достижения китайской экономикой состояния развитости. Правительство должно играть существенную роль в максимизации преимуществ, создаваемых цифровизацией, и минимизации рисков, таких как потенциальный рост безработицы, нарушение тайны частной жизни, возникновение олигополий и финансовые риски.

The Global Financial Crisis has reopened discussions on the role of the monetary policy in preserving financial stability. Determining whether monetary policy affects financial variables domestically-especially compared to the effects of macroprudential policiesand across borders, is crucial in this context. This paper looks into these issues using U.S. exogenous monetary policy shocks and macroprudential policy measures. Estimates indicate that monetary policy shocks have significant and persistent effects on financial conditions and can attenuate long-term financial instability. In contrast, the impact of macroprudential policy measures is generally more immediate but shorter-lasting. Also, while an exogenous increase in U.S. monetary policy rates tends to reduce credit and house prices in other countries-with the effects varying with country-specific characteristics-an increase driven by improved U.S. economic conditions tends to have the opposite effect. Finally, we do not find evidence of cross-border spillover effects associated with U.S. macroprudential policies.

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