Background: Male infertility has been on the rise since the past seven decades. Recently, in Libya, bee venom therapy (BVT) has become a popular method among alternative healthcare practitioners for treating male infertility. However, a literature search did not find any published studies that investigated the use of BVT for infertility treatment. Aim: To investigate the effect of bee venom on the male reproductive status through measurements of semen quality parameters and testicular histological changes in adult male mice. Methods: A total of 48 male mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups (which were subdivided into two subgroups with eight mice each) as follows: control, bee venom sting (BVS), and bee venom injection (BVI). The normal control subgroup mice were not subjected to any treatment, while the vehicle control subgroup mice were injected (i.p.) with 200 μl of 0.9% saline solution. In the BVS-treated subgroups, each mouse was stung by one live bee for five times (BVS-5) or seven times (BVS-7) every third day for 2 or 3 weeks. While each mouse in the BVI-treated subgroups received 23 μg/kg in a dose volume of 200 μl BVIs (i.p.) for five times (BVI-5) or seven times (BVI-7) every third day for 15 or 21 days. Results: The findings of this study showed that repeated bee venom treatment by sting or injection to adult male mice resulted in a significant decline in testosterone levels, sperm count, sperm motility, and a very significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology; also, there were harmful testicular histological changes in the structural organization of seminiferous tubules and degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence for the low semen quality and adverse testicular histological changes in male mice treated with bee venom. Hence, there is a desperate need for educating alternative healthcare practitioners and infertile couples about the harmful effects of BVT on reproductive status.
Background and objectives: Pesticides play an essential role in crop protection, but their overuse caused environmental pollution and harmful effect on different animal body systems, including the endocrine system. The thyroid gland is one of the homeostatic regulators of metabolic activities, which is affected by the elements of the external environment. There are very limited studies on the effect of indoxacarb on the histological architecture and functions of thyroid gland. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining functionally and histologically of the thyroid gland exposed to indoxacarb. Method: 24 Swiss albino mice male and female were randomly divided into two groups, each group male and female; group I is a control group given orally with 1ml of distilled water and group II orally treated with 120 mg/kg Bw. of indoxacarb daily for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each mouse under anesthetic to determine the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) levels. Thyroid gland histopathology was attained for the evaluation of the indoxacarb effect. Results: The treated mice showed non-significant increase in T4 levels and a significant decrease in TSH levels but there was no significant difference recorded in T4 and TSH levels between sexes. Histologically, the sections of the thyroid gland of the treated group showed empty and irregular follicles, degeneration of the follicular epithelial tissue, and hyperplasia in the lining of some follicles, the capsule with congestion blood vessels. Conclusion: This study concluded that indoxacarb may act as a thyroid gland toxicant.
تم الحصول على غدد الرائحة من الجربوع المصري الكبير Jaculus Orientis الذي يتواجد في المناطق التي تقع بين أجدابيا وبنغازي شرق ليبيا، للكشف عن تراكيبها المورفولوجية والنسيجية. نظرًا لندرة الدراسات حول هذا الموضوع. تم وصف التفاصيل المورفولوجية لغدد المنطقة الشرجية التناسلية للذكور والإناث البالغين للـ Jaculus Orientis في هذه الدراسة, وللدراسة النسيجية تم تشريح الحيوان المخدر بإيثر ثنائي إيثيل ثم نزعة الجلد حول المنطقة الشرجية التناسلية مع استئصال ثلث القنات الشرجية وتثبيتها في ألدهيد فورمالين بنسبة 10٪ ، جففت العينة في الكحول الاتيلي التصاعدي, الترويق بالزايلين، وتم إدخالها في شمع البارافين، ثم تم قطعها بشكل متسلسل بسمك حوالي 5 ميكرون. صبغت المقاطع بالإيوسين والهيماتوكسيلين والتريكروم للفحص المجهري. يحتوي Jaculus orientis على تجمع محيطي ضخم من الغدد الدهنية الحويصلية المتفرعة، المتحورة الكبيرة, المتخللة في الطبقة تحت المخاطية و ايضا المغروسة في داخل طبقة العضلة العاصرة الداخلية للقناة الشرجية، تصب هذه الغدد إفرزاتها عن طريق القنوات الإفرازية التي تمر إلى فتحة القناة الشرجية. بالإضافة إلى الغدد حول منطقة العانة وهي غدد القلفة في الذكور وغدد البظر في الإناث. ظهرت هذه الغدد تشريحيًا على شكل غدد جرابية صغيرة, منفصلة, متناثرة, مختلفة الأحجام, ونسيجيا عبارة عن غدد حويصلية دهنية متفرعة متحورة, محاطة بحافظة من النسيج ضام وتصب افرازاتها مع الشعرة في المنطقة الجلدية للعانة عن طريق قنوات مبطنة بخلايا طلائية حرشفية متقرنة. علي كل حال من خلال هذه النتائج قد تلقي هذه الدراسة بعض الضوء على دور هذه الغدد علي وظائف الترقيم بالرائحة وايضا مشاركت هذه الغدد في سلوك الذكور والإناث.
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