Background There is a paucity of studies in acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit, particularly in Sudan. Objectives The current study has estimated the incidence; risk factors and outcomes of subjects with acute kidney injury developed during admission to the intensive care unit at Fedail Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the intensive care unit during the period from July 2018 to June 2019. The data was collected from the clinical profiles of all adult subjects' who have met the published criteria for acute kidney injury. Analysis of association (Chi square test χ 2) and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze data. Main outcome measure The development of acute kidney injury during the subjects' stay in the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay and death. Results From a total of 187 subjects admitted to the intensive care unit; only (105, 56.2%) have met the inclusion criteria (mean age was 61 ± 3.5 years). The main finding of the study was the high incidence of acute kidney injury 39%. The major significant predictors for the development of acute kidney injury with respective odds ratio (OR) were: sepsis (OR 7.

No abstract

Background: The major cardiovascular outcome trials on glucagon-like peptide one receptor agonist has examined its effect on hospitalization of subjects with heart failure, however, very limited trials has been conducted on subjects with reduced ejection fraction as primary outcome. Objective: We have conducted a systematic review on two major (FIGHT and LIVE) placebo-controlled trials of liraglutide and its clinical effect on ejection fraction of subjects with heart failure Method: Medline was retrieved for trials involving liraglutide from 2012 to 2020. The inclusion criteria for trials were: subjects with or without T2DM, subjects with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (rLVEF), major trials (phase II or III) on liraglutide, trials included liraglutide with defined efficacy primary outcome of patients with heart failure with rLVEF. The search was limited to the English language, whereby two trials [FIGHT and LIVE] have been included and have excluded two trials due to different primary outcomes. Participants (541) have been randomized for either liraglutide or placebo for 24 weeks. Results: In the FIGHT trial the primary intention-to-treat, sensitivity, and diabetes subgroup analyses have showed no significant between-group difference in the global rank scores (mean rank of 146 in the liraglutide group versus 156 in the placebo group; Wilcoxon rank-sum P=.31), in number of deaths, re-hospitalizations for heart failure, or the composite of death or in change in NT-pro BNP level (P= .94). In the LIVE trial, the change in LVEF from baseline to week 24 was not significantly different between treatment groups. The overall discontinuation rate of liraglutide was high in the FIGHT trial (29%, [86]) as compared to the LIVE trial (11.6%, [28]). Conclusion: The two trials FIGHT and LIVE have demonstrated that liraglutide use in subjects with heart failure and rLVEF was implicated with an increased adverse risk of heart failure-related outcomes.