To determine the frequency of hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV) in pregnant women with acute hepatitis presenting to the medical units of HMC, Peshawar. MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 442 pregnant women, either multi or primigravida, with yellow discolouration of the sclerae of the eyes and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 100 U/L on laboratory tests were chosen by convenience (non-probability) sampling to assess the frequency of HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV. ResultsThe majority, i.e., 58.8%, were in the age range of >30 years and presented in the third trimester. Of the subjects, 81.90% had parity in the range of 1-5, 89.4% were multigravida, 71.3% were illiterate, and 73.1% were in the low-income category. Anti-HEV was detected in 47.3% of pregnant women, Anti-HCV in 30.3%, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 11.5%, Hepatitis A-IgM in 5%, and 5.90% of the cases were virus-free. ConclusionsHBV, HCV, and HEV exposure, in particular, may have a substantially larger impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes than HAV. As a result, at the first prenatal appointment, standard viral hepatitis screening in pregnant women may need to be reviewed.

Banti’s syndrome is a chronic congestive enlargement of the spleen leading to the destruction of blood cells resulting in pancytopenia. It is also associated with cirrhosis and ascites along with symptoms of pancytopenia such as infection, bruising, weakness, and fatigue. Multiple factors such as hepatitis B infection, coagulation abnormalities and exposure to arsenic, etc. may also cause Banti’s syndrome. Clinical evaluation with blood profile along with use of imaging studies such as MRI and splenic venography is utilized for the determination of Banti’s syndrome. In this report, we present a 29-year-old diabetic male who presented with abdominal distention, right leg cellulitis, fever, and a past history of hematemesis and melena. On examination, distended abdomen showed marked splenomegaly with ascites (positive shifting dullness and fluid thrill). Also, the left leg was warm, swollen, and tender to the touch. Complete blood count showed decreased WBC, RBC, Hb, with peripheral smear negative for malarial parasites. Ultrasound scan of abdomen and pelvis was done illustrating massive splenomegaly with pelvic dilation and ascites.

A child is born innocent and if nurtured with tender care and attention, then grows in positive way. Physical, mental, moral and spiritual development of the children makes them capable of realizing fullest potential. On the contrary, harmful surroundings, negligence of basic needs, wrong company and other abuses may turn a child to a negative action like truancy. The present study was designed to analyze the impact of father’s absence on truancy behavior of secondary school students. The major objectives of the present study were: i) to find out the views of teachers about the truancy behavior of secondary school students in father’s absence. ii) to find out the views of teachers about the truancy behavior of secondary school students in father’s presence. iii) to investigate the mother’s views about the truancy of their children in father’s absence. iv) to investigate the mother’s views about the truancy of their children in father’s presence. A sample of four hundred students was selected through convenient sampling. This group was further divided equally on the students whose fathers were present and absent from home. Data was collected from sample student’s mothers and teachers through questionnaire. Data was analyzed through Chi-Square. Teachers and mothers opined that students showed more truancy behavior in the absence of father. The study may be helpful both for teachers and students to overcome the anti-social behavior to increase the academic performance at secondary level. The study may also beneficial to prepare positive members of the society. It is recommended that proper programs and campaigns be launched for mothers to highlight and realize the difficulties of truancy behaviors through media and social media. In-service training for teachers may be conducted to recognize and solve the truancy behavior of students. In this way teacher may able to solve the truancy behavior and solve problems.

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