Yoghurt is very rich in proteins, mineral, vitamins and other nutrients. Concentrated whey (CW) of buffalo cheddar cheese was used at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% in buffalo milk to increase the solids with reduction of fat in set yoghurt. These yoghurt samples were compared with control sample for physicochemical characteristics like acidity, protein, lactose, total solids, pH, syneresis, water holding capacity (WHC) and viscosity for 21 days at intervals of 7 days. The high concentration of whey significantly (p<0.05) increased the protein, lactose, solid contents, syneresis, viscosity while the WHC was decreased. However, pH decreased in the yoghurt with 5, 10, 15 and 20% CW, but vice versa in the yoghurt with 25% CW due to the high concentration of lactose in CW. Fat, protein, lactose contents, pH, WHC and viscosity decreased while acidity, non-protein nitrogen and syneresis increased significantly during storage.

The essential peel oil of Citrus limetta var. Mitha (Sweet lime) extracted by hydro-distillation was assessed for chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Gas chromatographic analysis identified 17 constituents among which limonene (95.98 %) was found as major component followed by camphene (1.79 %), while the remaining terpenes were less than 1%. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oil tested by disc diffusion method, against different against bacteria and fungi showed that it exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (28 mm) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (26 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (21 mm), where as the minimum zone of inhibition was shown by Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48122 (11 mm) after 48 h of incubation at their respective temperature (37°C for bacteria and 25°C for fungi). The inhibition zones, measured after 48 and 96 h, showed that it was active against all tested bacteria and fungi. The results of its antioxidant activity showed that it was able to reduce the stable radical 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to yellow-colored DPPH-H reaching 87.77% of DPPH scavenging effect at its 100% concentration comparative to ascorbic acid as reference standard being a strong antioxidant reagent. The results of our study showed that essential oil of C. limetta var. Mitha peel can be an effective medicine against different pathogenic microbes.

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