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Background:Postoperative pain is a common complication that can lead to serious morbidities and delayed recovery.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on acute pain after tibial fracture surgery.Patients and Methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 54 patients who were candidate for tibial fracture surgery were allocated randomly to two groups, namely, control and laser therapy. Both groups had the same type of surgery and technique of spinal anesthesia. Patients in laser group were treated with the combination of two lasers (GaALAs, 808 nm; and GaALInP, 650 nm) at the end of the surgery while control group received laser in turn-off mode with the same duration as laser group. Patients were evaluated for pain intensity according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the amount of analgesic use during 24 hours after surgery.Results:Laser group experienced less pain intensity in comparison with control group at second, fourth, eighth, 12th, and 24th hours after surgery (P Value < 0.05). In addition, the amount of consumed opioid in laser group was significantly less than the control group (51.62 ± 29.52 and 89.28 ± 35.54 mg, respectively; P Value, 0.008).Conclusions:Low Level Laser Therapy is a proper method to reduce postoperative pain because it is painless, safe, and noninvasive and is easily accepted by patients.

Background: One of the concerns of the anesthetists in performing surgical procedures is hemodynamic changes after laryngoscopy and tracheal tube intubation. In these cases, stress response with the release of catecholamines leads to increased blood pressure and heart rate in patients who are prone to cardiovascular disease and cerebral events, leading to the life-threatening risks. Objectives: Endotracheal Intubation (ETT) is one of the most stress response techniques for airway management. Here, we compare the effects of tree devices including ETT, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) classic, and I-gel with each other. Methods: The present study investigated the hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing elective cataract surgery after the intubation of an endotracheal tube. This clinical trial study was conducted on 75 patients with ASA class I or II in both genders and in the age group of 50 -65 years old. The effects of LMA Classic ™ and I-gel were also investigated. In this study, patients' vital signs

Background & Objective: The cesarean section increases worldwide and has many side effects, including acute pain. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy, analgesic consumption, and maximal postoperative pain in women with low segment cesarean section. Materials & Methods: 340 Cesarean section women were interviewed by demographic and global physical activity questionnaires during the pre-operative visits. The participants were categorized into high, moderate, and low physical activity groups (high PA, moderate PA, low PA, respectively) according to the global physical activity questionnaire guidelines. The maximal postoperative pain (MPP), the type, and doses of analgesia used/2 days were recorded. Pearson correlation, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: MPP was reduced in the high PA group (5.48 ±1.72) compared to the moderate (6.46±1.30) and low PA groups (6.97±1.92; p<0.0005, p<0.0005, respectively). There was a difference between the moderate and low PA groups (p=0.04). Paracetamol was the common analgesic without significant difference among groups (p=0.37). The numbers of paracetamol doses significantly reduced in the high PA group (3.31±1.65) compared to the low PA group (4.03±2.01, p=0.01). MPP had a significant and low negative correlation with total physical activity (r=-0.25, p=0.0005). There was a negative significant correlation between occupation (r=-0.491, p=0.0005), recreational (r=-0.262, p=0.0005), and travel activities (r=--0.150, p=0.006) with MPP. There was a low positive correlation between sedentary activity and MPP (r=0.23, p=0.0005). Conclusions: Maternal physical activity can be a non-pharmacological and cost-effective method of pain management.

Background: Bronchospasm (spasm of bronchial muscles) in general anesthesia caused by many reasons. Untreated bronchospasm can cause hypoxia, hypotension and increased morbidity and mortality. Case Report: A 28 years old female scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery. Immediately after induction of anesthesia patient developed with drop in oxygen saturation and difficulty in mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Bronchospasm should be considered in differential diagnosis of oxygen saturation drop during general anesthesia. This situation is more common in patients without specific respiratory disorder. Tracheal irritants like sputum and blood can cause bronchospasm. Other causes include histamine or serotonin release. [GMJ.2018;7:e846]