The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. yielded rhodomyrtone (5) [6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-4,9-dihydro-1H-xanthene-1,3(2H)-di-one] which had significant activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The structural elucidation followed from spectroscopic evidence and from a single-crystal X-ray structural determination.

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Scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization towards Sarcoptes scabiei. It occurs easily in moist and densely-populated vicinities. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between residential density and personal characteristics towards the incidences of scabies among students of boarding school Raudatul Ulum and Mustaqimus Sunnah, South Sumatra. This research was an epidemiological method using cross-sectional analytic approach, conducted in July 2018. The populations were all students of boarding school and the samples selected were 93 respondents with proportional random sampling. The measuring instruments were cardinal scabies physical diagnostic and questionnaire of demographic interviewing. Obtained results were then analyzed with Chi-Square, Logistic Regression Statistical Tests, and correspondence analysis. The result of scabies prevalence was 59,6% and 56,5% respectively. Logistic Regression testing result yielded the free variable bearing the most dominant influence towards scabies incidence, which was the residential density (OR: 5.850 95% CI: 2.369-14.445). The significant relationship towards the occurrence of scabies should be further investigated in order to prepare for elimination programs.

Filariasis is caused by microfilariae parasites transmitted through mosquitoes, one of which is Mansonia spp. Environmental characteristics are crucial component for vector control in handling filariasis because they indicate mosquitoes’ range of survival. This study aimed to determine the environmental characteristics in the abundance of Mansonia spp. This study was conducted in two lowland areas located in Sedang and Muara Sugih Village, Indonesia, April 2017-April 2018. Environmental characteristics were determined by thermometers and sling hygrometers, and sampling for physical and chemical properties of water. Sedang Village had larger quantity of Mansonia spp variances compared to Muara Sugih, with 6 species and 5 species found respectively. Muara Sugih was slightly higher in temperature and humidity. Sedang water had higher turbidity, higher temperature, higher pH, lower BOD-COD, lower TDS-TSS, with higher coliform counts. Sedang dominant land utilization was plantations, while Muara Sugih was rice field. The dominant aquatic plant in Sedang was Pistia stratiotes and Muara Sugih was Oryza sativa. Differences in temperature, humidity, water parameters, aquatic plants, and land utilization factors resulted in discrepancy of Mansonia spp abundance.

Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by filariae worm transmitted by a mosquito as vectors. Mansonia is one of the genera of filariasis vectors. The high risk of filariasis transmission is the existence of habitat character which is qualified for Mansonia spp. One of filariasis endemic area is Banyuasin, South Sumatera, as much as 2.02% microfilaria rate. This study was conducted to estimate the number of vector abundance influenced by habitat characteristic. The data collection was from two villages: Sedang and Muara Sugih, from April 2017 – May 2018. Mosquitos were caught using aspirators and humans as baits. Ecological factors were the physical environment such as temperature measured by thermometer and humidity measured by sling hygrometer. Water parameter and geographic factors were analyzed. Abundance model of Mansonia spp described using regression test for multivariate analysis. Data analysis was performed and presented in form of frequency tables. The number of samples was 4.956 mosquitoes. There were six species such as Mansonia uniformis, Mansonia annulifera, Mansonia indiana, Mansonia dives, Mansonia bonneae, and Mansonia annulata. Sedang Village was dominated by Mansonia uniformis (41.25%) whereas, Muara Sugih Village was by Mansonia bonneae (45.66%). The ideal habitat characteristics for Mansonia spp were environmental conditions with high temperature and humidity, low water turbidity, low water temperature, low pH, TDS, and high TSS. The diversity and abundance of Mansonia spp as a potential vector of filariasis Brugia malayi in Banyuasin regency was closely related to environmental characteristics such as temperature, humidity, water parameters, and plant species.