BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains the number one killer of children, taking the lives of 1.3 million in 2011 alone. More than 99% of all pneumonia deaths occur in developing countries. The majority of pneumonia cases are preventable and treatable, but clinical diagnosis is highly fallible in many cases and the frequency of morbid state is best assessed by post-mortem examination that may reveal diagnosis which may not be suspected clinically or may, in some way, discredit. AIMS: 1. To ascertain various pulmonary lesions in paediatric deaths. 2. To find incidence of pulmonary lesions. 3. To study the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, 4. To find incidence of pulmonary pathology directly and indirectly contributing to the death. SETTINGS: Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai. DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. METHODS AND MATERIAL: In this study pediatric age group of (0-15 years) admitted in IPCU,NICU and Pediatric, Medicine and Surgery unit are included from the period of 2006-2013. The lung pathology in various diseases entities were studied and co-related with age, sex and clinical history. RESULTS: Of total 3606 autopsies, 642 were pediatric autopsies i.e. 17.8% of all autopsies, and 111 were neonatal autopsies. Of 642, 531(82.7%) had primary lung pathology and 157(24.4%) had secondary lung pathology. The common age group affected is < 5 years. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest pathology observed as primary lung pathology. Interstitial/viral pneumonia was 2nd most common of primary lung pathology Infective pathology was the most common lesions, of which bronchopneumonia was the most common pathology observed and tuberculosis contributed to 3%of primary lung pathologies. CONCLUSION: The most common lung lesion in pediatric age is infections, which are preventable and curative with appropriate measures. This study will help to improve mother child health services.