Background Several studies have addressed gender differences in stroke. Yet, results are diverse, and research is still required in different populations. So, this study investigates variation in stroke according to gender in a developing country. Methods This is a registry-based, retrospective observational cross-sectional study comparing men and women as regards age, risk factors, stroke severity, quality of services, and stroke outcome. Results Data analyzed comprised 4620 patients. It was found that men outnumbered women, while women had an older age, more prevalence of hypertension and atrial fibrillation, with severer strokes and worse outcomes. However, there was no gender difference in promptness nor frequency of administration of revascularization therapies. Conclusion Despite the gender difference in risk factors and stroke severity, we could not detect any significant disparity in acute stroke services provided to either gender. Among age categories in women, we identified differences in acute ischemic stroke subtypes, and acute management in favor of older age.

In 2010, Chistyakov, V. V., defined the theory of modular metric spaces. After that, in 2011, Mongkolkeha, C. et. al. studied and proved the new existence theorems of a fixed point for contraction mapping in modular metric spaces for one single-valued map in modular metric space. Also, in 2012, Chaipunya, P. introduced some fixed point theorems for multivalued mapping under the setting of contraction type in modular metric space. In 2014, Abdou, A. A. N., Khamsi, M. A. studied the existence of fixed points for contractive-type multivalued maps in the setting of modular metric space. In 2016, Dilip Jain et. al. presented a multivalued F-contraction and F-contraction of Hardy-Rogers-type in the case of modular metric space with specific assumptions. In this work, we extended these results into the case of a pair of multivalued mappings on proximinal sets in a regular modular metric space. This was done by introducing the notions of best approximation, proximinal set in modular metric space, conjoint F-proximinal contraction, and conjoint F-proximinal contraction of Hardy-Rogers-type for two multivalued mappings. Furthermore, we give an example showing the conditions of the theory which found a common fixed point of a pair of multivalued mappings on proximinal sets in a regular modular metric space. Also, the applications of the obtained results can be used in multiple fields of science like Electrorheological fluids and FORTRAN computer programming as shown in this communication.

Background: This study was purposed to compare in vitro the volumetric accuracy of a newly introduced automatic infusion controller, AutoClamp with that of other commonly used infusion devices. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 124 ASA I-II, female patients, aged 30-50 years, undergoing conservative breast cancer surgery were randomly assigned to one of four equal groups receiving either standard general anesthesia and two doses of hydrocortisone (Group GH, n=31), thoracic paravertebral block and two doses of hydrocortisone (Group PH, n=31), standard general anesthesia with no hydrocortisone (Group G, n=31), or thoracic paravertebral block with no hydrocortisone (Group P, n=31). IL-6 was measured at three time points: before operation, 6 and 12 hours postoperatively. CRP and cortisol were measured preoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively. Results: On comparing group PH and GH, there was significant decrease in IL-6 level in group PH compared to group GH at 6 hour (122.1±21.2 vs 135.8±29.8pg/dl), but insignificant difference at 24 hours (107.9±21.6 vs 106.8±15.9pg/dl). CRP showed significant decrease in the postoperative reading in group PH compared to group GH (1.63±0.32 vs 1.91±0.43mg/l), and also group PH showed significant decrease compared to the control group P (1.63±0.32 vs 2.2±0.54). Conclusion: addition of hydrocortisone to general anesthesia or thoracic paravertebral block attenuated production of IL-6 and CRP levels significantly postoperatively compared to either anesthetic regimen alone, but not the serum cortisol level, highlighting its role in modifying the stress response to surgery. However, the effect was more pronounced when combined with thoracic paravertebral block.

Background Available data collected from patients of different types of cerebrovascular strokes can detect risk factors, severity and clinical outcome of these patients. Differentiating between different types of strokes is mandatory for early diagnosis and proper management. The aim of this study is to compare between cerebral small vessel disease with lacunar infarctions and internal border zone infarctions regarding vasomotor reactivity by using transcranial color-coded duplex and its correlation with their MRI perfusion, disease severity and outcome. Results On admission, 56.7% of patients in lacunar stroke had impaired reactivity vs. 100% of patients in internal border zone group. At 3 months follow-up, this number dropped to 23.3% in lacunar group, but persisted as 100% in internal border zone group. On comparing the 3 perfusion parameters between the 2 groups, there was statistically significant impairment in all parameters in patients with internal border zone infarction than patients with lacunar infarction (longer time to peak, decreased cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume). By comparing the severity of the stroke by using National Institute of Health and Stroke Scale, it was found that patients with internal border zone infarction had higher disability than patients with lacunar infarction on admission and on discharge. At 3 months follow-up, the lacunar group had a better outcome than of the border zone group. Conclusion Patients having internal border zone infarction had higher clinical disability and worse prognosis, together with more impairment in vasomotor reactivity and MRI perfusion parameters than patients having lacunar infarction.

In this paper, we found a common fixed point for several multivalued mappings on proximinal sets in regular modular metric space. Also, we introduced the notions of conjoint F-proximinal contraction as well as conjoint F-proximinal contraction of Hardy–Rogers-type for several multivalued mappings. Furthermore, we enhanced our results by giving an application in integral equations.