This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was carried out in the outpatient clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology at Kirkuk General Hospital over the period of 6 months from 1st of February-1st of September,2017. The sample of the study included 450 women who were randomly selected from the following three groups: pregnant women n=150, married women n=150, and unmarried women n=150. Each woman was interviewed using a Questionnaire containing personal information such as age, occupation, Gravidity, months of pregnancy and educational level. Data were calculated and presented as numbers and percentages Results: The study found that 58.4% of participants belonged to 21-30-year age group followed by 26% who belonged to 31-40-year age group. 48.4% of the study participants were illiterate, 27.3% had Secondary school graduates and 24.3% had Diploma or Bachelor degree. The majority of the women 70.2% were housewives. The total prevalence rate of UTI was 27.3%. The higher percentage of UTIs 43% was found among pregnant women. The majority of women with UTIs were housewives 65.9% from rural areas 72.4%, and illiterate 62.6%. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of UTIs in pregnant women was higher than that of non-pregnant and unmarried women and that Staphylococcus. Saprophyticus is the most common causative agent of disease.

Background and aim:Medical waste management is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. The objective of this study was to identify segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal practices in teaching hospitals in Mosul City. Material and method: A descriptive study is designed to assess medical waste management in Mosul Teaching Hospitals started from December 2012 to March 2013. The target population (health personnel) of study is approximately (448) participants served in mentioned hospitals were asked to answer study questionnaire. Statistical processing was conducted by the use of SPSS version 17 and Minitab. Chisquare test was used as the test of significance to determine the presence of association between variables; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results indicated that 79.2% of the respondents indicated that each type of waste clearly identified by a coloured code or symbol. The results also showed that 75.1% of the respondents stated that the waste is stored collected regularly. The most significant result with respect to whether the means of conveyance and transport are cleaned regularly was 40% of the respondents stated that they have no idea about that. The results also showed that 53.8% of the respondents stated that there is no other options rather than incineration have been examined for final disposal of medical waste. Conclusion:The study concludes that the segregation of medical waste is done regularly and effectively, i.e. each type of medical waste is identified by a coloured code, and there are containers and bags everywhere waste is generated. Concerning to medical waste transport the means of conveyance and transport are available but there is lack of maintenance of these means or replacing them with new ones.

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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) misuse are growing worldwide and misused especially among male bodybuilders and gyms-goers for building muscle to improve their physical appearance. AAS misuse is considered a preventable factor of male fertility because it affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis resulting in secondary male hypogonadism, and then transient or persistent suppression of spermatogenesis. Study aimed to investigate the influence of anabolic steroids misuse on the serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and free testosterone. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 healthy male gym-goers divided into the case and control group who attending gyms in Mosul city. A structured interviewing questionnaire was used to collect information related to AAS misuse, blood sampling collected for evaluation of males' hormones in a private analytics Lab, for a period 25th October 2020 until 15th March 2021. Study finding shows that males' hormones of AAS group exhibited highly significant (P.>0.001) in the overall mean of serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and free testosterone. ROC curve analysis reveals a highly significant deference at (P.>0.001) of males' hormones, which area under the curve was for follicle stimulating hormone: 0.94, luteinizing hormone: 0.93, and free testosterone: 0.81. The misuse of AAS exhibited a severe decrease in concentrations of gonadotropins and free testosterone with may be considered an excellent predictor of secondary male hypogonadism. The study recommends the necessity to prevent abuse of anabolic steroids and instruct about the adverse effects that result from using it and especially on fertility.