The gut microbiome of primates is known to be influenced by both host genetic background and subsistence strategy. However, these inferences have been made mainly based on adaptations in bacterial composition - the bacteriome and have commonly overlooked the fungal fraction - the mycobiome. To further understand the factors that shape the gut mycobiome of primates and mycobiome-bacteriome interactions, we sequenced 16 S rRNA and ITS2 markers in fecal samples of four different nonhuman primate species and three human groups under different subsistence patterns (n = 149). The results show that gut mycobiome composition in primates is still largely unknown but highly plastic and weakly structured by primate phylogeny, compared with the bacteriome. We find significant gut mycobiome overlap between captive apes and human populations living under industrialized subsistence contexts; this is in contrast with contemporary hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists, who share more mycobiome traits with diverse wild-ranging nonhuman primates. In addition, mycobiome-bacteriome interactions were specific to each population, revealing that individual, lifestyle and intrinsic ecological factors affect structural correspondence, number, and kind of interactions between gut bacteria and fungi in primates. Our findings indicate a dominant effect of ecological niche, environmental factors, and diet over the phylogenetic background of the host, in shaping gut mycobiome composition and mycobiome-bacteriome interactions in primates.

A quantitative colorimetric method has been developed for the determination of cotton (cellulose), viscose (regenerated cellulose), acetate (cellulose diacetate), and Arnel 2 (cellulose triacetate) in binary textile fiber blends.The anthrone and the phenol—sulfuric acid colorimetric methods were found to be suitable for the determination of cellulose, regenerated cellulose, and certain cellulose esters after pretreatment with 70% sulfuric acid at room temperature. Standard curves for glucose prepared by each colorincetric method were the same as those obtained for cellulose and viscose when the difference in molecular weight between glucose (180) and a glucose residue (162) was taken into account. Both colorimetric methods can be used for the analysis of cellulose in standard binary blends containing no finishes or dyes. Commercially available cellulosic/noncellulosic and cellulosic/cellulosic blends, some containing finishes and dyes, were also analyzed. The phenol—sulfuric acid method is preferred for textile analysis since better results were obtained with it. The accuracy of this colorimetric method was ±3.0% and, in many instances, blends were analyzed with an accuracy of ±1.0% or better.,

The study aims to endorse the relevance of tribology in daily life and to promote tribology to a broader demographic. Sandwich filling slumping in its packaging, known as a skillet, is termed "drop". The authors found that the optimal arrangement of sandwich fillings to prevent drop had not been researched. The Bacon Lettuce and Tomato (BLT) and the Chicken Salad sandwich were investigated. An optimal arrangement for each sandwich that minimised drop is suggested. The coefficient of friction of each interface was determined experimentally and a theoretical optimal arrangement was suggested and validated using a numerical model. An improvement of 9.9% was observed between the optimally and worst arranged Chicken Salad sandwich models. For the BLT the improvement was 8.2%.

The industrialization of Western food systems has greatly reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the events and mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared fecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV (n=23) and those who do not (n=24). We utilized microbial DNA amplicon sequencing (16s rRNA and ITS2) and untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS) to analyze stool samples. Study participants also provided three consecutive days of dietary data. Results show only minor effects on microbiome composition; with the enrichment of a few microorganisms potentially associated with vegetable ferments, such as _Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (P<0.05)_, in LFV consumers. However, LFV consumption had greater effects on the fecal metabolome, with higher abundances of butyrate, acetate, and valerate (P<0.05) and significantly greater metabolome diversity (_P<0.001_). Overall, the observations of minor changes in the fecal microbiome and greater effects on the fecal metabolome from LFV consumption warrant further investigations on the health significance of LFV as regular components of the daily diet in humans.

The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV (n = 23) and those who do not (n = 24). We utilised microbial DNA amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS2) and untargeted metabolomics (LC–MS) to analyse stool samples. Study participants also provided three consecutive days of dietary data. Results show minor effects on microbiome composition; with the enrichment of a few microorganisms potentially associated with vegetable ferments, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (P < 0.05), in LFV consumers. However, LFV consumption had greater effects on the faecal metabolome, with higher abundances of butyrate, acetate, and valerate (P < 0.05) and significantly greater metabolome diversity (P < 0.001). Overall, the observations of minor changes in the faecal microbiome and greater effects on the faecal metabolome from LFV consumption warrant further investigations on the health significance of LFV as regular components of the daily diet in humans.