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Abstract-This paper propose the energy saving algorithms for medium access control in wireless sensor network to improve energy saving and increasing packet delivery ration for periodic applications in border surveillance wireless sensor networks. Since the data dissemination is periodic, the data update can be scheduled so that all nodes in virtual cluster must tightly synchronize their transmission to avoid collision. S-MAC [1] and D-MAC [2] schedules should be modified to satisfy the power cost of data delivery. Our implementations of this paper proposed the wake-up algorithm, the delay wakeup algorithm, and topology based the virtual group schedules. The results show that our proposed algorithms perform better than S-MAC and D-MAC in terms of energy efficiency and packet delivery ratio. Keywords-medium access control (MAC), border surveillance wireless sensor networks (BSWSNs), energy efficiency (EE), and packet delivery ratio (PDR). I. INTRODUCTIONWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a wide range of potential applications due to inexpensive and small characteristics. Therefore, they are being developed to interact directly with the physical world. Commonly, sensors nodes can be deployed in specific conditions in predefine areas such as border, private properties. Their main objective is the detection able to sense various environmental data such as temperature, light, humidity, and vibration, node mobility, etc. there are huge border surveillance applications for WSNs, However, depend on application-specific goals, there are difference protocols that focus on the characteristics of application to optimal performance of WSNs. Our works consider battery lifetime and packet delivery ratio (PDR) in underwater surveillance wireless sensor network (USWSNs).A large number of energy-efficient MAC protocols have been proposed, each protocol showed that it plays a most crucial rule in communication energy efficiency, based on the applications, each with each own specific trade-off. S-MAC [1] differs from other traditional wireless MAC protocols. In order to minimize the idle listening, S-MAC use a sleep-listen schedule, when slept, nodes turn off their radio. Nodes also synchronize each other by broadcasting synchronization (SYNC) packets and each node could follow more than one schedule. In this way, nodes can save their energy. This protocol trades off among energy efficiency, latency and throughput. D-MAC [2] is designed to solve the interruption

The sensors attached on/in a person are moved since human body frequency changes their activity, therefore in wireless body area networks, nodal mobility and non-line-of-sight condition will impact on performance of networks such as energy efficiency and reliable communication. We then proposed schemes which study on forwarding decisions against frequent change of topology and channel conditions to increase reliable connections and improve energy efficiency. In this work, we control the size of packets, forwarding rate based on ratio of input links and output links at each node. We also robust the network topology by extending the peer to peer IEEE 802.15.4-based. The adaptive topology from chain-based to grid-based can optimal our schemes. The simulation shows that these approaches are not only extending network lifetime to 48.2 percent but also increase around 6.08 percent the packet delivery ratio. The "hot spots" problem is also resolved with this approach.

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This paper presents a multiple concurrent slotframe scheduling (MCSS) protocol for wireless power transfer (WPT)-enabled wireless sensor networks. The MCSS supports a cluster-tree network topology composed of heterogeneous devices, including hybrid access points (HAPs) serving as power transmitting units and sensor nodes serving as power receiving units as well as various types of traffic, such as power, data, and control messages (CMs). To this end, MCSS defines three types of time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) concurrent slotframes: the CM slotframe, HAP slotframe, and WPT slotframe. These slotframes are used for CM traffic, inter-cluster traffic, and intra-cluster traffic, respectively. In MCSS, the length of each TSCH concurrent slotframe is set to be mutually prime to minimize the overlap between cells allocated in the slotframes, and its transmission priority is determined according to the characteristics of transmitted traffic. In addition, MCSS determines the WPT slotframe length, considering the minimum number of power and data cells required for energy harvesting and data transmission of sensor nodes and the number of overprovisioned cells needed to compensate for overlap between cells. The simulation results demonstrated that MCSS outperforms the legacy TSCH medium access control protocol and TSCH multiple slotframe scheduling (TMSS) for the average end-to-end delay, aggregate throughput, and average harvested energy.