An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of some biopesticides for controlling the olive black scale insect, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) on olive trees at Giza Governorate, Egypt during April, 2010. Four biopesticides (Biover, Stanes-biocatch, Stanes-biomagic and Bioranza) and one plant extract (Nimbecidine) were tested. The obtained results showed that all tested biopesticides and one extract were able to decrease the infestation with the olive black scale insect on olive trees through the three post treatment counts. Data clearly showed no significant differences among their efficiency (over 85%) and Nembicidine gave 80%.

The present work was carried out in Giza Governorate to study the seasonal abundance of the Egyptian mealybug Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Coccoidea : Monophlebidae) during (2016)(2017) which attacking mandarin trees Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) and its main associated predatory insects. Also, study effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the seasonal abundance of its stages. The obtained data showed that, nymphs, adult females, ovipositing females and the total population of I. aegyptiaca recorded three peaks on mandarin trees during (2016 -2017). These peaks of total population of I. aegyptiaca, occurred on June, August and December. The highest peak recorded in 15 th August (2016 -2017).The results revealed that, three peaks were recorded for Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), during the two successive years of study. Simple correlation coefficient indicated that, the relationship between I. aegyptiaca and its associated predators assured that, a highly positive significant effect during (2016)(2017). The temperature showed a positive significant effect on the population of I. aegyptiaca. The common effect of biotic and abiotic factors was 90.56% and 92.92% of the nymph stages, adult females was (87.11% & 88.36%), ovipositing females was (94.16% & 90.09%) and total populations was (94.16% & 84.35%) during (2016)(2017).

This study investigated the clinical and pathological symptoms of waterborne lead toxicity in wild Nile tilapia collected from a lead-contaminated area (the Mariotteya Canal: Pb = 0.6 ± 0.21 mg L−1) and a farmed fish after 2 weeks of experimental exposure to lead acetate (5–10 mg L−1) in addition to evaluating the efficacy of neem leaf powder (NLP) treatment in mitigating symptoms of lead toxicity. A total of 150 fish (20 ± 2 g) were alienated into five groups (30 fish/group with three replicates). G1 was assigned as a negative control without any treatments. Groups (2–5) were exposed to lead acetate for 2 weeks at a concentration of 5 mg L−1 (G2 and G3) or 10 mg L−1 (G4 and G5). During the lead exposure period, all groups were reared under the same conditions, while G3 and G5 were treated with 1 g L−1 NLP. Lead toxicity induced DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation and decreased the level of glutathione and expression of heme synthesis enzyme delta aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in wild tilapia, G2, and G4. NLP could alleviate the oxidative stress stimulated by lead in G3 and showed an insignificant effect in G5. The pathological findings, including epithelial hyperplasia in the gills, edema in the gills and muscles, degeneration and necrosis in the liver and muscle, and leukocytic infiltration in all organs, were directly correlated with lead concentration. Thus, the aqueous application of NLP at 1 g L−1 reduced oxidative stress and lowered the pathological alterations induced by lead toxicity.

Background: The concept of infection-based carcinogenesis is gaining an increasing attention. Also periodontitis has been extensively studied as possible risk factor for gastrointestinal cancers including oral cancer.Methodology: Using conventional PCR, we detected the presence of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in 25 oral cancer fresh tissue specimens versus 25 healthy oral mucosal tissue.. Results: P. gingivalis showed significantly higher prevalence in control group with slightly higher loads in cancer tissue. Bacterial presence was not found to be correlated with tumor progression. Conclusion: P. gingivalis was not found to play a possible role in the cancerous lesion. More studies should be implemented to investigate the bacterial involvement in the oral tumors. Detection of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Release of the second larval instar Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) predators as biological control agent against the population of Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) under field conditions on Ficus trees at Orman garden at Giza governorate. The obtained result showed that, the average of reduction percentage of nymphs of I. purchasi were (69.7%, 77.9% and 81.7%) with the rate 30, 40 and 50 larval /tree of C. undecimpunctata, respectively. While reduction percentage of adults of I. purchasi were (65.2%, 72.1% and 77.1%) with the same rate of release. The obtained average of reduction percentage of nymphs of I. purchasi were (58.6%, 65.5% and 70.5%) with the rate 30, 40 and 50 larval /tree of C. carnea, respectively. Also, average of reduction percentage of adults of I. purchasi were (36.6%, 43.7% and 52.6%) with the rate 30, 40 and 50 larval /tree, of C. carnea respectively.The regression equation indicated that there was a highly positive relationship between the rate of release of C. undecimpunctata & C. carnea and reduction percentages for nymphs and adults stage of I. purchasi. The statistical analysis assured that there was a significant increase in the reduction percentage of nymphs and adults of I. purchasi at different rate of release second larval of C. undecimpunctata and C. carnea.