Background: One of the vital principles for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in the hospital is equipping healthcare worker by adequate knowledge regarding VAP prevention measures. Integration of electronic education into nursing education flowing growing awareness all-over the world help ICU nurses to incorporate evidence-based practice into daily care for critical ill patient. Study Aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of electronic learning module in implementation of ventilator-associatedpneumonia prevention measures of intensive care unit nurses. Methodology: this study was quasi experimental design used two tools; knowledge assessment tool and VAP bundle checklist. Convenience sample of 109 ICU nurses was recruited from Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah. Result: It was founded that nurses' knowledge before they were exposed to educational module was graded as average 72.66% while scores were improved after the exposure to learning module to be high 96.2% meaning that their knowledge has been noticeably improved. However, differences in ICU nurses knowledge in pre and post test was highly significant (P<0.005). ICU nurses poor practice was apparent before exposure to module (61.73%), while ICU nurses practice showed tremendous improvement (>99%) in the last observation. The difference between pre-and post test observation was highly significant (P>0.005). Conclusion: The study revealed that e-learning module in educating ICU nurses about VAP prevention were considerably effective. This was highlighted by high mean scores for VAP knowledge and practice after exposure to module. Recommendation: Integrate orientation program for VAP prevention measures to new staff and continues professional development program for senior staff.

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Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of lung disease characterized as chronic lung airflow obstruction that interferes with normal respiration. The World Health Organization ranked it as the third leading cause of death. The evidence indicates that health education may improve patients' outcomes. Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify empirical evidence related to the effect of health educational guidelines on self-management practices among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improve self-management practices. Methods: Studies published between 2015-2021 and recruited from authentic databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCO, were reviewed critically to explore the effect of health educational guidelines on patient self-management practices. Results: There are four themes generated from this scoping review. In this scoping review, 14.700 articles were searched. After checking for duplicates, 1344 articles were left to evaluate titles and abstracts. This evaluation left 301 articles for reading of full texts. Of these, 238 articles did not meet the aim of this review. Ten studies were included in the current review. Conclusion: This scoping review found that health educational guidelines consider an important need to improve self-management practices. Health education can improve patients' health outcomes and thus should be considered an essential component of the overall management of COPD.

Contents: Falls have been widely observed among admitted patients that substantially influence their recovery from illness. Also, the fall events significantly contribute to their prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. Furthermore, patients' fall incidents have proved to be quite costly due to the adverse consequences of fall-related injuries. Aim: This review aims to identify and analyze the risk factors of falls among adult patients during hospitalization in the relevant research findings. Methods: The scoping review of the relevant research findings of the risk factors of falls among hospitalized adult patients included 11 relevant studies that were reviewed critically to identify the potential factors increasing patient falls risk. These studies published between 2013-2019 were recruited from authentic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCO. The quality of the included studies was also appraised. Results: This review revealed different factors contribute to increased risk of falls among hospitalized patients like the age of patients, chronic disease, psychotropic and narcotic drugs, urologic conditions, limb amputation, increased use of anti-epileptics, and environmental factors. Conclusion: Falls are attributable to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors during hospitalization. Identifying the significant factors leading to falling can help nurses and other healthcare staff to develop preventive strategies to alleviate these falls' physical, psychological, and social consequences.