The article examinee the characteristics of sewage sludge and its impact on the environment. The description of technical installations, sludge sites in the municipal wastewater treatment systems, which are sources of unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological condition of the studied territory, was presented. A detailed analysis of the structure, composition and morphology of sludge sediment was given. It was found that the sludge presents a loose, rough heterogeneous porous structure represented by the presence of a fibrous substrate with amorphous scalycrystalline inclusions. During laboratory analyses of the composition of the dry residue, the presence of such types of heavy metals as chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium was revealed. The excess of permissible concentrations of various elements was observed: chromium more than 7.1 at MPC -6.0 by 1.18 times; copper more than 3.3 at MPC -3.0 by 1.1 times; zinc more than 27.3 at MPC -23.0 by 1.18 times; lead more than 34.3 at MPC -32.0 by 1.07 times; cobalt more than 6.4 at MPC -5.0 by 1.28 times; molybdenum more than 6.9 at MPC -5.0 by 1.3 times. Soil analysis revealed a pH of 7.1, which is neutral, may be optimal for plants; the concentration of calcium, iron and chromium does not exceed the established maximum permissible values. When analyzing the air environment of the territory of the treatment facilities, the presence of gaseous pollutants, such as methane, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, was established. It has been established that anthropogenic sludge landfills are the sources that create a technogenic load on the atmospheric air, polluting it with methane, since the concentration of methane exceeds the MPC by more than 3 times.

The article analyzes the accumulation of mobile sulfur in the soil of the city of Atyrau. Atyrau city is located in the western part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main source of pollution of the city of Atyrau is the Atyrau Oil Refinery. The increased content of hydrogen sulfide in the air involves an analysis of the accumulation of sulfur in the soil, as well as establishing a relationship with the incoming hydrogen sulfide from the air. The content of mobile sulfur in the soil was determined by photometric method in the Testing Laboratory of Analytical Laboratory for Environmental Protection LLP. Accumulations of sulfur in the soil were recorded at observation points located near the Atyrau oil refinery, for example, at the observation point of Khimposelok, Mirny, Proparka. There is no such pattern in observation points located in populated areas. At the point of PNZ 1, an increased sulfur content is observed in the soil due to its close location to the Kvadrat evaporator pond.