Context: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most threatening pandemics in history involving multiple organs, including the kidney. This study aimed to review the association of COVID-19 with renal involvement. Evidence Acquisition: International databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles by April 1, 2020. Keywords were COVID-19, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, kidney, renal function, acute kidney injury, and acute renal failure, or a combination of them in title/abstracts. Results: There were a few studies concerning COVID-19 and renal failure due to the short time elapsed from the epidemic onset. The results showed that hematuria and proteinuria were common in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients with elevated creatinine are at risk of mortality two times more than patients with normal creatinine. Also, elevated BUN, proteinuria, and hematuria can increase the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 up to four times compared to patients with normal tests. Therefore, it is important to check creatinine, BUN, proteinuria, and hematuria in primary assessments. Generally, all routine measures for people affected with COVID-19 can be done for COVID-19 patients with acute renal failure until the current knowledge is changed. Chloroquine phosphate may improve the chance of treatment.

Remdesivir initially was intravenously administrated to treat the Ebola disease however right now it has been administered to treat COVID-19 in some countries. However it is necessary to find the exact effect of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. Remdesivir solution is administered with a cyclodextrin carrier that filters solely by the glomeruli; thereby patients with abnormal renal function cannot eliminate it quickly; therefore, remdesivir can lead to renal failure or liver dysfunction during therapeutic process of COVID-19. Assessment of renal function in patients with COVID-19 who have acute kidney injury (AKI) or end-stage renal disease is fundamental.

Emerging coronavirus-related respiratory disease started from Wuhan, China in December 2019 resulted in numerous mortality following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) named COVID-19 disease. The incubation period of COVID-19 is varied from 2 days to 2 weeks; therefore oral transmission is the most hazardous issue in this incubation period. Scientists are trying to find a specific drug to treat COVID-19 disease, however there is no specific therapy yet. One of the challenging issues in the treatment process of these patients is ARDS. In the development of any type of pneumonia or ARDS, Covid-19 should be considered as an option for differential diagnosis and the first critical organ in these patients is lung. In this paper, we discussed ARDS in patients with COVID-19.

there are different complications of using ureteral stents in urology field, one of the challenging complications is stent fragmentation which is frequent in patients with missed and forgotten stents accompanying encrustation, presented case was 70- year-old female, left single kidney with stent fragmentation After TUL and stent insertion one year ago, because of retained fragments in kidney, ureter, and bladder, combined antegrade and retrograde approach was used for stent fragments extraction, for preventing stent related complications we should signify the importance of timely extraction of ureteral stents during inpatient and outpatient visits and using remembrance methods.

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management of a series of eyes with magnetic intravitreal foreign bodies. * PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective review examined consecutive cases of ocular injury associated with intraocular foreign bodies; 71 eyes included had a single metallic intraocular foreign body (< 5 mm) located in the vitreous cavity removed by external magnet or intraocular forceps. Variables included preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, retinal break formation, retinal detachment, presence of an afferent pupillary defect, intraocular pressure, entrance site, foreign body size, method of extraction, and time between occurrence and surgical extraction. * RESULTS: Factors predictive of good visual outcome (visual acuity > 20/200) were: shortest interval between trauma and foreign body extraction, preoperative visual acuity of 20/200 or better, and absence of afferent pupillary defect. * CONCLUSIONS: In this nonrandomized study, good visual results could be obtained in eyes undergoing prompt foreign body removal, especially those with good preoperative visual acuity and no afferent pupillary defect. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:372378.]