No abstract

On August 3, 2014, the terrorist organization Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as Da'esh or most recently shortened to Islamic State (IS) attacked Sinjar in Northern Iraq within the Nineveh province. The region was home to about 400,000 Yazidis as well as other religious minorities. More than two million people have caused serious human rights violations in Nineveh province. ISIL captured Sinjar and the surrounding villages within a few hours on that fateful morning. The Yazidis were specifically targeted by ISIL members and were subjected to some of its worst atrocities including but not limited to executions, sexual slavery, abduction, forced conversion, imprisonment and torture. At the request of the Iraqi government, the United States began conducting air strikes and airdropping humanitarian aid on August 8, 2014. Between August 9 and 13, Kurdish forces opened a safe corridor, allowing most of the surviving Yazidis to flee through Syria into the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) expressly incorporates the court has jurisdiction in accordance with this Statute with respect to the crimes of (a) Genocide; (b) Crimes against humanity; (c)War crimes; (d) The crime of aggression. These are elaborated on in Articles 5 and genocide specifically in Article 6.This study aims to find out whether such heinous international crimes committed by IS against the Yazidi people in Sinjar, Iraq during 2014-2017 can be placed under the jurisdiction of the ICC in accordance with its governing document, the Rome Statute.The study is illustrative and uses a content analysis approach to answer research questions. The researcher analyzed the existing literature as well as the ICC legal documents to interpret and determine the jurisdiction of the ICC regarding the Yazidi genocide in Iraq to ultimately recommend and demand reform at the end of the study.

Objective: To evaluate prescribing practices in public health facilities of district Mirpur, Kashmir where no previous evidence regarding drug-prescribing behaviours was available. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and outpatient departments of public health facilities in district Mirpur, Kashmir, from Aug to Oct 2020. Methodology: The prescribing pattern analysis was done by objective observations of prescriptions after patient-physician encounter. World health organization defined core and complementary prescribing indicators were evaluated for all the prescriptions. Results: Among the core prescribing indicator, average number of medicines per prescription were 3.11 (World Health Organization’s standard, 1.6-1.8). Only 2% and 67% of medicines were generic and essential medicines respectively (standard, 100%). Almost half the prescriptions contained antibiotics (standard, 20-26.8%) whereas 8% had injections (standard, 13.4- 24.1%). Among the complementary indicators there was no prescription without medicines and average prescription cost was 479 Pakistani Rupees. Conclusion: This is the first study to give a snapshot of prescribing behaviours in public health facilities in Kashmir. All the prescribing indicators except injectables were below the standards. A multi-disciplinary approach involving authorities, industry and professionals is required to promote rational prescribing.

The current research as(The legal interests between religious thoughts and economic requirements)deals with a very complex and sensitive subject ,not in our time and country only ,but in almost all courses of the history and the countries as well .this could be explained by the fact that unless this subject is well-regulated by the law, the human greed and selfishness will inevitably lead to the needy man being badly exploited by the superior others who adhere to the” interests” so most ancient jurisprudence and religious thoughts had regulated the subject of “interests” once by the specification of the interests and once by strictly forbidding it. However and under the pressure of the new economic realistic needs and requirements, the most laws of world countries, including the Islamic states, the constitution of which stipulates that no anti-Islamic legislation could be passed and issued-have adapted the interest, allowing   the dealers to ask for it, but through its regulation by or irreversible ordering rules .so, our topic is important as  it deals with the” interest” in Iraqi civil law which was first issued before more than 65 years , in association with the commercial laws, comparing them with each others on one side, and to the laws of  countries other than Iraq, this is performed so that we can see how far the interest regulating harmonious and compatible with the economic requirements bearing in mind the new opinions and thoughts regarding the interests and their validity, as it achieve the aims of law, equity and the use of society.