Persian medicine (PM) scholars have explained the structure and function of each organ based on clinical observations and past experiences. The liver is one of the three commanders in the body (brain, heart, liver) that manages nutrition and growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the anatomy and physiology of the Liver as presented in PM school and compare with conventional medicine. Relevant keywords were searched through PM reference books, Google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. After extracting the data, the results were classified in terms of concepts and categories. PM scholars believe that liver is one of the first organs created in the fetal period. In their view, the liver has a warm and wet temperament. In this manner the natural blood’s temperament is warm and wet and it arises from the temperance of the liver and its correct function. In conventional medicine, the Liver consists an operational unit called hepatic lobule and plays an important role in the metabolism of the nutrition’s and growth of tissues. Overview of fetal origin, structure and function of the liver between these two schools of medicine interpreted in many ways, revealed many similarities. Thus, we can utilize PM’s point of view on the liver and its important functions in the body, especially in the field of disease prevention and treatment.
Objectives: Treatment of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) remains a major challenge for conventional medicine. In this regard, developing new natural treatments could be an alternative choice. This study was planned to appraise the efficacy of chamomile-lemon balm syrup on chest pain and quality of life in patients with conventional drug-resistant CSX. Materials and Methods: 29 participants with conventional drug-resistant were enrolled in a single-arm clinical trial, and 14 participants completed the study protocol. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)-lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) syrup was provided for the treatment for the 90-day study period. All conventional treatments of CSX remained unchanged. Efficacy assessment included Seattle Angina Questionnaires (SAQ), 36-item short form survey, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: An improvement was observed in the total score of all questionnaires with statistically significant changes over time of the study (P<0.001). Conclusions: Chamomile-lemon balm syrup showed promising results in improving effect on angina symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety and depression in the patients with drug-resistant CSX. However, a placebo-controlled trial should be performed to verify these data.
Infertility affects about 10-15% of couples in reproductive age, and puts a lot of economic burden on communities. Persian Medicine (PM) introduces perspectives on causes of infertility that can be useful in prevention and treatment of this common healthcare problem. Gastrointestinal problems are one of the causes of infertility based on PM literature. The purpose of this study was to collect evidence of gastrointestinal problems associated with infertility in conventional medicine, and ultimately compare the results with the viewpoints of PM. By reviewing literature on PM, we classified the digestive causes of infertility and then, by searching the keywords "infertility" and "gastrointestinal disorders" and symptoms such as, "dueodenal ulcer", "pepticulcer", "dyspepsia","fatty liver","maldigestion", "H. Pylori infection", "celiac", "inflammatory bowel disease", and "obesity" in databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science. Based on the review of the literature on PM, gastrointestinal causes of infertility include digestive failure, liver weakness, and inappropriate eating habits. There is also a growing scientific evidence of this connection in modern medicine. Attention to the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with infertility can help to treat unknown causes of infertility.
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