The real-world impacts of the Trump administration's effort to roll back the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for new light-duty vehicles are not obvious, because new vehicles are highly durable and remain in the on-road fleet for many years. We demonstrate that freezing CAFE between 2020-2026, one of the proposals circulated by the Trump administration, will increase fleet fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions until 2040 and beyond, because relatively lessefficient vehicles sold during this time would remain in use for potentially decades. We argue for stringent fuel-economy standards for new vehicles, and for placing greater emphasis on the retirement and disposal of the oldest and most inefficient vehicles on our roads. These steps will help to build a fleet that is efficient, low-emission, and adaptable as the automotive industry enters a period of unprecedented technological change.

A sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was studied. The results demonstrated that: (i) a complete degradation of RDX was achieved within 20 days using a consortium of bacteria from a wastewater activated sludge, (ii) RDX degradation did not occur under aerobic conditions alone, (iii) RDX-degrading bacterial strain that was isolated from the activated sludge completely degraded RDX within 2 days, and (iv) RDX- induced protein expressions were observed in the RDX-degrading bacterial strain. Based on fatty acid composition and a confirmation with a 16S rRNA analysis, the RDX-degrading bacterial strain was identified as a Bacillus pumilus-GC subgroup B.