Immunocytochemical staining for GPC3 in cell block material is a highly sensitive and specific method capable of distinguishing HCC from the vast majority of metastatic carcinomas of the liver.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. No effective biomarkers currently exist to allow for an efficient risk classification of endometrial carcinoma or to direct treatment (adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy) or to triage pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin family that has been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis became an attractive candidate as a potential biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and potential therapeutic target in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of L1CAM expression in endometrial carcinoma and correlation of this expression with various pathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for L1CAM was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 80 cases of endometrial carcinomas that underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Expression of L1CAM in >10% of tumor cells was interpreted as positive. RESULTS: L1CAM expression was detected in 22.5% of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with non-endometrioid histological type, high grade, high FIGO stage, high pathological (T) stage, cervical involvement, nodal metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, and high-risk tumor according to the European Society for Medical Oncology system for risk stratification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The high rate of L1CAM expression in high-risk endometrial carcinomas suggests that L1CAM represents a potential marker for the identification of patients needing closer follow-up and aggressive treatment. In addition, its potential role as a therapeutic target for high-risk endometrial cancer seems promising.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction and aim Changes in renal nitric oxide (NO) production have been associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, vascular permeability, albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This study aimed at detection of the role of both inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) expression in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy patients. Methodology Renal biopsies and clinical data of 30 diabetic patients, 10 nondiabetic patients with renal impairment, and 10 control individuals were assessed for eNOS and iNOS expression. Results Both glomerular eNOS and iNOS expression levels were increased in diabetic nephropathy patients and this was associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. In nondiabetic patients, increased serum creatinine was found to be associated with increased iNOS and eNOS expression, and, together with the control group, they showed increased iNOS expression in tubular and interstitial cells. An association between cigarette smoking and increased expression of both iNOS and eNOS was detected in diabetic patients. Conclusion The presence of iNOS is associated with tubular damage resulting in renal failure. The upregulation of NO in diabetes mellitus type 2 may explain the endothelial dysfunction that is associated with almost all diabetic complications.