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Background: External Ventricular Drain (EVD) care is considered an advanced specialized nursing skill for the neurological patient. Internship nursing students are more exposed to the (EVD) during clinical experience so they need to improve their performance related to (EVD) to ensure patients' safety and eliminate errors through safe performance. Aim: this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of external ventricular brain drain guidelines on internship nursing students' performance. Study design: a quasi-experimental study; Subject & setting: A convenient subject of forty internship nursing students at neurological intensive care units affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Tools: (1) External Ventricular Brain Drain self-administered questionnaire, (2) Nurses' practice and attitude observational checklist pre & post guideline implementation. Results: there were significant improvement in the level of performance of internship nursing students post guideline implementation (P  0.05). Conclusion: nursing guidelines had statistically significant positive effect on internship nursing students' performance regarding external ventricular brain drain evidenced by most of the studied sample had satisfactory knowledge, practice and attitude. Recommendation: The periodic refreshing in-service training courses should be provided to internship nursing students in order to keep them of updating knowledge and practice regarding external ventricular brain drain.

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Background: Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is currently a worldwide pandemic ongoing global health emergency caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Critical health team have an essential role in the prevention of acquired Covid-19 in intensive care unit through applying of hospital specific covid-19 precautions. Aim: This study aimed to assess factors contributing to acquire covid-19 among critical ill patients in intensive care units. Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized for the conduction of this study. Setting: the study was carried out in intensive care units of Ain Shams University Hospital (emergency and general medicine ICU). Study sample: A Purposive sample of seventy five patients admitted to the previously mentioned setting. Tools: three tools were used to collect data consisted of patient assessment tool, precautions measures against Covid-19 observational checklist tool, and Covid-19 incidence in ICU tool. Results: revealed that, the majority of the studied patients acquired Covid-19 in ICU, and the application of most precautions measures against Covid-19 were not done or done incorrectly. In addition to, there were a highly statistically significant relation between acquired Covid-19 in ICU, application of precautions measures, past medical history and length of ICU stay. Conclusion: based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that: the majority of studied patients acquired Covid-19 in ICU. As well factors contributing to acquire Covid-19 among critically ill patients in ICU were non-compliance of health team to precautions measures against Covid-19, patients present, past medical history and length of stay in ICU. Recommendations: developing instructional guideline for improving medical health team performance regarding application of precautions measures against Covid-19. In addition to, replication of the study on larger sample selected from different areas in Egypt is recommended to obtain more generalizable data.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a complex disease and medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention, efforts and skills of all members of the multidisciplinary team to minimize brain damage and potential complications especially in the first 24hrs. Aim of the study was to assess the health team's performance in the first 24hrs regarding patients with stroke. Design: An exploratory descriptive study Setting: The study was carried out and conducted in the stroke ICU, neuro-surgical ICU, the emergency and neurosurgery department at Nasr Institute Hospital for research and treatment. Study subjects: A purposive sample consists of 60 nurses and 40 neurologists and ICU physicians their mean age was 34.5±8.28 and36.10±7.94 respectively. Data collection tools: a) health team self-administered questionnaire. b) Health team practice observational checklist, and c) Health team self-administered form (attitude scale). Results & conclusion: Firstly, (sixty, fifty-one & fifty-five) of the nurses under the study had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, practice and had a negative attitude in the first 24 hours regarding patients with stroke respectively. Secondly, (sixty-five, sixty& fifty-five) of the neurologists and ICU physicians under the study had satisfactory level of knowledge, practice and had a positive attitude in the first 24 hours regarding patients with stroke respectively. Furthermore, there was a highly statistically significant relation between nurses' knowledge, practice, attitude and their demographic data. Also, there was a highly statistically significant relation between neurologists and ICU physicians' knowledge, practice, attitude and their demographic data. Recommendation: This study recommends the importance of in-service training courses and designing health team educational program to enhance their knowledge and improve their practices in the first 24hrs regarding patients with stroke and minimize complications after stroke.