Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, as well as the hemodynamic changes and level of sedation, following intrathecal bupivacaine supplemented with either dexmedetomidine or clonidine. Methods: In a prospective, double-blind study, 60 patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate or bladder tumor under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group B received 12 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine, group D received 12 mg of bupivacaine supplemented with 3 mg of dexmedetomidine and group C received 12 mg of bupivacaine supplemented with 30 mg of clonidine. The onset times to reach peak sensory and motor levels, and the sensory and motor regression times, were recorded. Hemodynamic changes and the level of sedation were also recorded. Results: Patients in groups D and C had a significantly shorter onset time of motor block and significantly longer sensory and motor regression times than patients in group B. The mean time of sensory regression to the S1 segment was 303 AE 75 min in group D, 272 AE 38 min in group C and 190 AE 48 min in group B

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We conclude that laparoscopic evacuation of hydatid cysts is a successful operation comparable to the open technique, with the added advantages of the laparoscopic approach.

The combination of propofol and ketamine for invasive procedures in pediatric oncology resulted in reduced propofol and fentanyl consumption and preserved hemodynamic stability, but more children in the combination group recovered with agitation.

Hydatid cysts of the liver have been treated surgically for many years by several surgical techniques including evacuation, marsupialization, and filling the cyst with saline after evacuation of the endocyst. We have previously reported laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cysts using the same hydatid asepsis and surgical techniques as in open surgery, with comparable results. Spillage of hydatid fluid during open surgery has been shown to result in serious anaphylactic reaction. The present report describes the first case report of such a reaction during laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver.