Background: The main obvious manifestations in dysbetalipiproteinemia (DBL) are Apo-B, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) and Apo-E gene polymorphism, with a remarkable controversy in the results among different workers. The aim of the study was to find a suitable variable or formula for diagnosis of familial or secondary DBL in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Material and methods: The study involved 50 patients with T2DM (mean age 46.48 ±9.3 years), 26 patients with CVD (mean age: 43.15±7.34 years) and 73 apparently healthy normal control individuals (mean age: 34.51±11.47 years) with almost equal male/female ratio. Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Remnant like particles RLP, Apo-B, and Apo-E) were estimated in patients and controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-HDL-c and non-HDL-c /Apo-B in the context of discrimination between patients with- and without DBL. Results: All measured serum lipids, were higher in patients than controls, except HDL-c. Using Sniderman algorithm, 13 patients (18.06%) among T2DM and CVD were considered to have DBL, while none of control group had this disorder. Conclusion Based on Sniderman algorithm, ROC revealed a better specificity and sensitivity for non- HDLc to diagnose DBL, Keywords: dysbetalipoproteinemia, Apo-B, Non- HDL cholesterol, Sniderman algorithm, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus.

Introduction and Aim:  The ApoE gene polymorphisms are considered as risk factors for developing atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. There exists no study pertaining to ApoE gene polymorphism and its association to these disorders among the Iraqi population. Hence in this study, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ApoE gene with the prevalence of diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease among the Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation involved 76 patients (50 with diabetics and 26 with cardiovascular disease) and 73 otherwise healthy individuals. The ApoE gene fragment corresponding to the SNPs rs429358 and rs7412 was amplified using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a specific pair of primers. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Results:  Differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies were seen in SNPs rs429358 and rs7412 of the ApoE gene. Significant higher frequency was seen for the CT genotype in SNP rs429358 when compared to healthy controls. Among the epsilon alleles, the E3/E3 was the most common genotype, accounting for 76% and 69.23% of patients with diabetes and CVD, respectively. E2/E4 was the least common genotype, accounting for 2% and 0% of diabetes and CVD patients, respectively. When DM patients were compared to controls, the genotype E 3 E 4 was found to be more common in T2DM patients (10%) than in controls (1.34%), with a significant difference (OR= 4.32, 95%CI=0.02-0.98, p= 0.050). At the allelic level, the E2 allele was significantly more common in patients than in controls (OR= 12.73, 95%CI= 1.38-116.87). Conclusion: Data in this study indicate ApoE gene polymorphisms in SNPs rs429358 and rs7412 could be risk factors for T2DM and CVD in Iraqi patients.

The Inhibition of the corrosion of pure aluminium in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution using ampicillin has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. It was found that the ampicillin effectively reduces the aluminium corrosion in the saline solution. Inhibition efficiency (%IE) is increased as the inhibitor concentration increases; on the other hand, (%IE) is decreased when the temperature increases. The adsorption of inhibitor on metal surface was spontaneous and follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum mechanical has been accomplished using B3LYP/6-31G basis set method to ascertain any correlation between the inhibitive effect and molecular structure of ampicillin.