When pain or disability occurs after rotator cuff surgery, post-operative imaging is frequently performed. Post-operative complications and expected post-operative imaging findings in the shoulder are presented, with a focus on MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) and CT arthrography. MR and CT techniques are available to reduce image degradation secondary to surgical distortions of native anatomy and implant-related artefacts and to define complications after rotator cuff surgery. A useful approach to image the shoulder after surgery is the standard radiography, followed by MRI/MRA for patients with low "metal presence" and CT for patients who have a higher metal presence. However, for the assessment of patients who have undergone surgery for rotator cuff injuries, imaging findings should always be correlated with the clinical presentation because post-operative imaging abnormalities do not necessarily correlate with symptoms.The complexity of the anatomy and function of the rotator cuff makes the rotator cuff tendons vulnerable to considerable morbidity, often necessitating surgical intervention. Optimal management of rotator cuff abnormalities depends on a variety of factors, such as the presence and severity of an impingement, the degree of tendon damage and individual functional demands.1 The goals of rotator cuff surgery are to reduce pain, while simultaneously improving the function. The latter is accomplished by two main types of surgical procedures: (1) subacromial decompression surgery alone, typically with an acromioplasty and/or Mumford procedure (distal clavicular resection); and (2) repair of the rotator cuff tear (open or arthroscopic), which is almost always accompanied by a subacromial decompression.Post-operative imaging is performed when pain or disability occurs after a surgical procedure. Often, however, postoperative imaging is degraded by surgical distortions of the native anatomy and metallic artefacts related to implants. Nevertheless, it is imperative that clinicians have an accurate anatomical delineation of the operative site. It is also important for the radiologist to accurately diagnose complications that might occur after rotator cuff surgery to guide optimal treatment. Mansat et al 2 examined 40 articles reporting the results of open rotator cuff repairs and determined that the overall mean complication rate was 10.5%.The article addresses complications that occur after rotator cuff surgery and expected post-operative imaging findings, with a focus on MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) and CT arthrography (CTA). Because not all post-operative imaging findings result in disability or pain for the patient, we also emphasize our approach and experience regarding how best to define imaging abnormalities after rotator cuff surgery. IMAGING APPROACHA protocol for the imaging of the post-operative shoulder always begins with radiography of the shoulder. The purpose of the radiograph is not only to detect obvious osseous complications, but also to identify the type of surgical procedure performed ...

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent in India. However, there is dearth of literature among Indians studying the relationship between the two. This study was carried out to assess various cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with knee OA with an objective to investigate their association, screening and management.  Methods: In total, 225 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were diagnosed with knee OA on the basis of the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) classification of their radiograph. Participants were also assessed for CV risk factors (age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, smoking) with the help of the Joint British Society QRisk3 calculator (JBS3) a comprehensive risk score calculator as well as a screening tool, which produces three more variables, namely 10-years risk of developing CVD, physiological heart age and life expectancy. Chi Square, Fishers exact test and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare the categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between CV risk factors and knee OA. Multiple regression analysis was done to adjust the multiple con-founders and determine their significance. Results: Patients with severe knee OA had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CV risk factors (p<0.05). Grade 4 knee OA patients were found to have a mean JBS3 risk of 38%, heart age of 82 years and life expectancy of 77 years as compared to grade 2 patients who had a mean JBS3 risk of 11%, heart age of 63 years and life expectancy of 82 years.  Conclusions: Our study concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between knee OA and CVD, with CV risk score being directly proportional to the severity of OA.

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent in India. However, there is dearth of literature among Indians studying the relationship between the two. This study was carried out to assess various cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with knee OA with an objective to investigate their association, screening and management.  Methods: In total, 225 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were diagnosed with knee OA on the basis of the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) classification of their radiograph. Participants were also assessed for CV risk factors; age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, smoking. Joint British Society QRisk3 calculator (JBS3) a comprehensive risk score calculator as well as a screening tool, which produces three more variables, namely 10-years risk of developing CVD, physiological heart age and life expectancy, was used. Chi Square, Fishers exact test and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare the categorical and quantitative variables, respectively.. Multiple regression analysis was done to adjust the multiple con-founders and determine their significance. Results: Patients with severe knee OA had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CV risk factors (p<0.05). Grade 4 knee OA patients were found to have a mean JBS3 risk of 38%, heart age of 82 years and life expectancy of 77 years as compared to grade 2 patients who had a mean JBS3 risk of 11%, heart age of 63 years and life expectancy of 82 years.  Conclusions: Our study concluded that there is a strong relation between knee OA and CVD, with CV risk score being positively correlated to the severity of OA.