In the present, work chemical composition and nutritional value of aerial parts of Cassia occidentalis L. was studied. The aerial parts of C. occidentalis possess favorable physicochemical properties with good nutritional value, such as high energy value, crude fibers, and vitamin levels. The X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry data revealed that the sample is rich in minerals, especially in Fe, Ca, K, and Mn. Further, minerals such as Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, P, and S are present in good amount and depicted the nutritional value of the selected material. The plant sample is rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignin, tannins, and phenols. The presence of phytochemical constituents was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profile and high-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting techniques. The findings stimulate the on-farm cultivation of C. occidentalis on a large scale to relieve the iron deficiency in local community, and it can be used as a dietary supplement to treat anemia.

Currently, there is a global effort to reduce the use of harmful substances, particularly chemical pesticides in cultivation. The biological mechanism of soil-borne phytopathogens has proven to be a good alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. In recent times, synthesis of nanoparticle from fungus is a trustworthy and sustainable method. The current study explores the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Trichoderma viride (T. viride), non-pathogenic fungi isolated from soil. The isolates were confirmed by morphological characters. The cell filtrate of isolates of T. viride was used for the formation of AgNPs from silver nitrate. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised by using UV, XRD, FTIR, SEM and zeta potential analyser. The SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical and irregular-like in shape and polydispersed in size. XRD analyses were performed to check the crystal-like nature of nanoparticles. Zeta potential study confirms the stability of nanosuspension. In the present study, developed AgNPs of T. viride act as a suitable and persistent biocontrol agent against rice pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium moniliforme and provide an improved opportunity for application in crop and disease controlling.

Immunostimulators are substances that stimulate the immune system by increasing the activity of any of its individual component biological systems. The selected plant species Heterostemma tanjorense Wight &Arn is an area specific medicinal plant. Literature review made on this species reveals not much of its medicinal activity to be explored and documented. The present study reports the immune stimulant activity of Heterostemma tanjorense on azathioprine administered male albino rats. Biological parameters such as RBC, WBC, neutrophils, neutrophil adhesive and immunoglobulins were evaluated and the results were reported.The results obtained were in significant quantities and in reportable amounts.

The present study is to evaluate the antihepatotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaf powder of Azima tetracantha and the fruit powder of Tribulus terrestris. Ferrous sulfate was used to induce hepatotoxicity and Silymarin was used as a standard drug. The level of biochemical parameters such as protein, albumin, globulin, HDL, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed to be decreased and the level of glucose, LDL, VLDL, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase and TBARS were increased in hepatotoxicity-induced rats. Retrieval of liver parameters to normal level was obtained after the oral administration of herbal drugs. Histopathological studies revealed diminished hepatocellular injury in the herbal drugs treated rats. As a conclusion hydro alcoholic extract of leaf powder of A. tetracantha and fruit powder of T. terrestris were possesses significant hepatoprotective activity.

Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae) is growing wild on walls or in rocky coastal areas all over India and normally known as Maratimokku in Tamil. The current study was aimed reveal the botanical and chemical pharmacognostic standards, and pharmacological and toxicity properties of aqueous extract of C. spinosa flower buds. Powder microscopy revealed the characteristics features of the sample, which are useful in fixing the pharmacognostic standards. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, anthraquinones and lignins in aqueous extract. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of quercetin as the major constituent in the aqueous extract. Strong antioxidant activity was observed in aqueous extract centered on the outcomes of DPPH radical scavenging (IC-50 1.74 µg/ml) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC-50 4.01 µg/ml) assays. The aqueous extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in terms of inhibition of protein denaturation (IC-50 8.01 µg/ml), inhibition of protease activity (14.24%) and RBC membrane stabilization (IC-50 226.69 µg/ml) and also possess antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enteritidis strains. Acute oral toxicity study revealed that it is safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw in the experimental animals.