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Background: Working conditions have a vital role to play in determining health and disability. So, the objective of this study was to assess the work conditions of small slaughterhouses in the Thi-Qar governorate in Iraq.Design and methods: This study is a cross-sectional field survey. A total of twenty-six (26) small slaughterhouses were included as a sample size from the Thi-Qar governorate. The data collection was done by observations of the authors using a questionnaire and specific questions were also directed to the slaughterhouse workers if needed. It was conducted between February and April 2018. The study was planned to demonstrate the current status of small slaughterhouses in terms of water supply facilities, quality of small slaughterhouses building, sanitation practices.Results: All of the small slaughterhouses had a water supply and all they had hot and cold water. Most of the small slaughterhouses had water tanks and put water pipes away from slaughter sites. The proportions ranged from 76.9 to 96.0 for the quality of small slaughterhouses building. With regard to fire safety measures, 96.2% of buildings are supplied with mobile fire extinguishing equipment according to safety and security requirements. Concerning rodent and insects’ control, sixteen (61.5%) of small slaughterhouses use insecticides and pesticides and only six (23.1%) of them use traps for rodents. Most of the small slaughterhouses’ windows (88.5%) were covered with a thin net to prevent the insects from entering.Conclusions: The finding of this study indicated that work conditions of small slaughterhouses were generally adequate in terms of water supply facilities, sanitation practices, ventilation, fire safety measures, and rodents and insects’ control.

Background and aim: The mobile phones have considerably the new epidemic of this century .It is a two edge sword, it has both the positive and negative consequences. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students in institute technical of Kut, and also to determine significant demographic associations. Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 380 randomly selected students. A survey was carried out in the 1 st of April to the 1 st of July 2017. Data analysis by using the Minitab, version 18. Results: About 66% of the students were females. The overall prevalence of mobile phone addiction was 60% in studying students (35.37% among male and 64.63% among female), with large increases in both sexes aged less or equal twenty years (59.21%). There is no significant relationship between gender and demographic characteristics and there was no any significant relationship between demographic factors ) gender, residence, marital status, and employment status) with mobile phone addiction, while was a significant association between mobile phone addiction and age groups. Conclusions: Overall female had more effects of mobile phone usage compared to male. Statistically significant difference was also observed for mobile phone addiction and age groups. There is a no significant relationship between demographic factors, gender, residence, marital status, and employment status with mobile phone use. Recommendations:The recommendations of the present study are necessary to develop a mobile phone addiction preventive measure and controlling the mobile phone use. In addition to implementing effective education and intervention strategies such as behavior modification, the promotion of healthier free-time activities, and providing a healthy living environment around youths. Counseling programs are recommended for raising awareness of families concerning mobile phone use.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of covide19 infection and to identify the lifestyle factors and nutritional status associated with the epidemiological profile of covid19 patients. Methods. This cross-sectional survey was carried out in the eighteen Iraqi governorates, from 1st August to 20th of October 2020. At the end of this study, 433 participants were recruited . Results. The prevalence of coronavirus infection was 37.18%. Smoking and Active physical activity were relatively higher for covid19 patients who are male, and belonged to the under 45 age range were 91.3%. It notices that covid19 patients who smoking and had active physical activity were married, residence in urban, and worked. Likewise, covid19 patients who had equal or more than institute/college level of education are smokers and had active physical activity. Obesity prevalence was higher for patients aged <45 (92.2%), and higher for females (51%). The proportion of obese was generally higher for married and for those living in urban areas (92.2%). Obesity was significantly more common among those in worked (70.6%). Conclusions. Of note is the high prevalence of covid19 infection observed. A strong correlation between the prevalence of active physical activity among covid19 patients and gender, marital status, residence, education, and occupation. As unexpected, the prevalence rate of obesity among covid19 patients on correlating with socio-demographic status did not yield a significant difference.

Background: currently, some of the most prevalent illnesses are attributable to external sources, such as chronic disorders that threaten people's health. The goal of the study was to investigate the differences in individual characteristics associated with treatment adherence among hypertension patients. Methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 176 hypertensive patients who reviewed primary healthcare facilities in Babylon Province were included. Experts were used to ensure the study questionnaire's validity, and a pilot study was used to ensure its reliability. Using standardized questionnaire and interviewing methods, data were collected and analyzed. Results: according to the study's findings, participants' average ages were 59 (10.86), 67% of them were over 60, 55.1% and 65.3% of them were men and married respectively, nearly half of them had moderate monthly income, the unemployed percentage was 61.9%, and 36.4% had completed their secondary education. Two-thirds, or 70.5%, of hypertension patients reported poor treatment adherence. Ages 30-59, male patients, married, high-income, and college-educated patients showed significantly better treatment compliance (P<0.05). Conclusions: every individual characteristic for patients with high blood pressure is regarded as a predictor of therapy adherence. The current study is one of the few in Iraq to evaluate treatment adherence and look into the various elements that may influence it using the survey approach. Future research on the subject of antihypertensive treatment adherence in the hypertensive population in Iraq employing a representative sample, a qualitative methodology, and more factor exploration may offer additional insights.