Repeated blood transfusion in beta thalassemia patients may lead to peroxidative tissue injury by secondary iron overload. In the present study, (43) patients with beta thalassemia. We have evaluated hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), iron (Fe), ferriten, uric acid, glutathion (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamins C and E and electrolytes as sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). The findings were compared with (25) age matched healthy individuals were included in this study as a control group. A significant increase in the levels of WBC, Fe, ferritin, MDA and Vit C (P < 0.001), whereas significant decrease in the levels of Hb, PCV, RBC, GSH and Vit E (P < 0.001) was observed. Uric acid, Na and K were significant increase (P < 0.05) in the patients when compared with controls, while there was a non-significant increase in mean value of Cl. These results were suggesting that oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense mechanism play an important role in pathogenesis of beta thalassemia major. We can conclude that defective membrane transport is responsible for observed changes of lipid peroxidation and some antioxidants. These results may help to understand the altered electrolyte homeostasis in thalassemia but there is still need of many future studies to clarify their mechanism of generation and pathological significance.