The products which are being developed by the biotechnology industry have huge implications for our future health and well-being. All these discoveries in current biotechnical research and its applications will have repercussions within the human history. In recent years, microbial fermentations have been revolutionized by the application of genetically-engineered microorganisms. Economic importance of bacteria describes mainly from the fact that they are extensively exploited by humans in a number of beneficial ways. Fermentation is one such phenomenon in which micro organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, etc are utilized for production of novel products. Industries like, diary, food, textile, baking etc are most benefited by these fermented products. Present article mainly focuses on the recent techniques which are involved in enhanced production of imperative products like lactic acid, cellulase, Human interferon α, and exopolysaccharide, and advantages of fermentation technology.

Pollution has been the major problem since decades, destructing our environment and resources. Among all types of pollutions, heavy metal pollution is causing major threat to the biosphere. It is mainly resulted due to the release of Industrial wastes into the atmosphere. Industries follow various chemical procedures to remove harmful pollutants from the industrial effluents associated with various disadvantages as a result many eco-friendly techniques have come into light keeping due to the disadvantages of the chemical techniques. Biosorption of heavy metals by microbial cells has been recognized as a potential alternative to existing technologies for recovery of heavy metals from industrial waste. Present review focuses on the biosorption of different metals by different means which lead to the eco friendly clean up of the environment without causing any damage as such to the surroundings/ without the release of chemicals into the atmosphere, this article mainly deals with the biosorption of Fe, Cr (VI),U, Pb, Cu2+, Cd(II), Mn, Zn, Ni, Lanthanides, Ni and the role of this technique in cleaning up of the environment.