Over a period of 6 months, 48 children who underwent conventional appendectomy (CA) were compared to 34 children who had laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for acute and recurrent subacute appendicitis. Their ages ranged from 4 to 12 years (mean 8). LA took significantly longer, 76 min, versus 50 min for CA. Less than 2 days' hospitalization was required in 95% of LA cases and 45% of CA cases. Time to return to normal activity averaged 7 days for LA and 12 days for CA (P < 0.001). Wound complications were fewer and the cosmetic appearance was most satisfactory in LA patients. LA is a safe operation that has the advantage of being exploratory, with shorter hospitalization time, early ambulation, and superior cosmetic results.

The state of continence with the laparoscopic technique in high anorectal malformations in this study showed acceptable results but needs bigger series with longer follow-up for a proper evaluation of this technique.

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The double urethra is a diverse spectrum comprising different pathologies. Our proposed classification system of duplicated urethras is clinically relevant as it guides surgical management and allows prognostication of outcome.

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