Background Orofacial clefts are considered one of the most common birth defects and are frequently associated with other malformations. Congenital heart disease is one of the most prevalent congenital malformation. Objective To investigate the prevalence of congenital heart diseases associated with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in the Saudi population. Methods Electronic files of non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in King Abdulaziz Medical City of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were recorded in an excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS via frequency tests. Results In the cleft children identified, the prevalence of non-syndromic orofacial clefts was (77%). Orofacial clefts showed a male predominance (62%). The most common orofacial phenotype was unilateral cleft lip and palate (34%). The prevalence of associated congenital malformations with orofacial clefts was (41%). The most prevalent congenital malformation was congenital heart disease (35%), mainly found in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (33%). The prevalence of associated congenital heart disease with orofacial clefts was (19%). The most frequent type of congenital heart disease was atrial septal defect (37%). Conclusion This study highlights the recognition of the associated congenital heart disease with non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients. Global screening protocols designed for newborns with non-syndromic orofacial cleft are needed to eliminate late diagnosis of critical congenital heart diseases which might present operative risks of anesthesia and/or surgical procedures.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and severity of maxillofacial fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study of 325 males (89%) and 47 females (9%) was conducted that retrospectively reviewed records of patients referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery department from emergency department from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017 at KAMC, Riyadh. Results A total of 372 subjects were included in the study. MVAs (80%) were the most prevalent cause of trauma. The age range most susceptible to MVAs was between 20 and 24 years old (28%). The most common site of fracture was the midface (64%), specifically orbit (32%). For mandibular fractures, the subcondylar was the most common site of fractures (19%). The most common treatment approach was conservative (65%). In terms of severity, approximately half of patients needed admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (50%); the mean score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 11.34, but most scores fell in the mild range; and (68%) of subjects presented with other associated systemic injuries, especially orthopedic injuries (36%). Conclusions MVAs were the main cause of trauma and affected mainly young males. The most common site of fracture was midface, specifically orbit. Subcondylar was the most prevalent fracture site for mandibular fractures. The severity of MVAs injuries was significantly higher compared to non-MVAs injuries. We suggest enforcing legislation and regulations on road safety such as the use of compulsory seat belts.

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The first cases of a rare double homozygosity of two different mutations in the cystic fibrosis trans-regulator gene (CFTR) of a cystic fibrosis patient in Saudi Arabia. Details of the family screening and a review of the literature on similar cases are discussed.

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