BackgroundIn this study, we share our experience of different operative techniques undertaken on 584 eumycetoma patients in the Gezira Mycetoma Center.MethodsThis is a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study, conducted to review the surgical treatment of eumycetoma patients. We included all patients diagnosed with eumycetoma who underwent a surgical operation in the center during January 2013–December 2016.ResultsA total number of 1654 patients were seen during the study period, and their records were revised, while 584 (35.3%) of them underwent an operation and included in the study. There was a male predominance 446 (76.4%). Surgical excision of mycetoma was the commonest operation performed among 513 (87.8%) patients in comparison with amputation 71 (12.2%). Below-knee amputation and toe amputation are the commonest types of amputation in 36 (6.1%) and 14 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Clinical features determining the type of operation performed included the size of the lesion, whether or not a bone was involved, and the feasibility of primary closure. A wide surgical excision (WSE) is performed mainly when the bone is not involved and when moderate or primary closure is possible or reconstruction is feasible. Amputations will typically follow identifying bone involvement, secondary infection, and an already disabled patient.ConclusionThe commonest procedure in our series was WSE and primary skin closure undertaken when the lesion was small (< 5 cm); there was no bone involvement, and the skin closure was achievable. Larger lesions (> 10 cm) without bone involvement were treated with excision and flap/graft. Bone involvement and large primary lesions were more likely to be managed by amputation. Recurrent and relapse of mycetoma were observed in patients with bone involvements or presented with recurrent mycetoma for the second time.

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Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Sudanese men and most patients present at a late stage. Although the incidence of prostate cancer in Sudan is low compared to other African countries, studies on prostate cancer in Sudan are limited. This study addresses the clinical characteristics and outcomes of prostate cancer in Central Sudan and its prognostic factors.

Background: Stigma is one of the major distresses that are experienced by people with mental illness. Stigmatisation results in a reduction in quality of life of those affected. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the stigmatising attitudes of adolescents towards individuals with mental illness, their perception of community reaction and factors influencing it in Nigeria. Method:In school Adolescents (N = 402) participated in the research. They completed self-administered questionnaires regarding socio-demographic details and questions based on a vignette of a young person with a mental disorder using the Standardized Stigmatisation Questionnaire (SSQ1). The study was cross-sectional in nature and employed a multistage sampling technique. Result: The mean age was 14.44years (SD=1.84).There were 265 (65.9%) males and 137(34.1%) females. Approximately seventy percent of the adolescents would not be happy to sit next to a man with mental illness in a bus, 58.2% would not want him to teach their children, and an even higher percentage (72.9%) believe that most people in the community would do same. Seventy percent are aware that he did not develop his problems to avoid difficult situations of life and 78.2% also know that it's not a punishment for bad deeds. Independent predictors of stigma related attitude include age p<0.002, gender p<0.010 and community perception p<0.001. Conclusion: Stigmatisation of mental illness is highly prevalent among adolescents. Given that a significant percentage of the participants were well informed, formation of stigmatising attitude towards mental illness might be deeper than lack of knowledge. There may be a need to work on societal structure despite traditional education interventions and also encourage their contact with mentally ill persons.