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Objectives: To evaluate the complications of apical prolapse correction with abdominally placed mesh and to assess the long-term efficacy of Sacrohysteropexy and Sacrocolpopexy. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aga Khan University Hospital. All women who underwent apical prolapse surgery using abdominal mesh from January 2010 to December 2019 at AKUH were included. Patients with missing routine follow up visits and incomplete data up to one year post op were excluded. Patient notes were reviewed, and subjective and objective success and complications were analyzed. Safety was measured by incidence of intra, early and late postoperative complications and mesh-related complications of both procedures at two weeks, six months, twelve months, postoperatively. Results: A total of 69 cases were retrieved from the database with a mean age of 46.97 ± 13.86 years. It was found that 14 (20.3%) patients had wound infection while six (8.7%) patients developed urinary tract infections. In a median follow-up of 12 months, three patients developed mesh erosion as a complication, with an incidence of 4.3%. Two required surgical excision of the mesh and the third was successfully managed conservatively with topical estrogen and oral antibiotics. Extremely significant improvements were observed in POPDI-six scores six months postoperatively (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study signifies the use of abdominally placed mesh in patients with pelvic organ prolapse indicating significant improvement in Pelvic Organ Prolapse-associated symptoms postoperatively. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6689 How to cite this: Aijaz S, Chughtai N, Kashif U, Malik S. Long-term safety and efficacy of non-absorbable abdominal mesh for apical prolapse surgery: A 10-year experience at Tertiary Care Hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):567-571. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6689 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Female perineum is the tissue complex between the peritoneum and the skin that closes the pelvis inferiorly and its functionality depends on the interplay between organs, tissues, septae and spaces in it. It is a diamond-shaped region below the pelvic floor and extends between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal skin. It is a surprisingly dynamic field with new insights, discoveries, and controversies and carries differences in viewpoint among anatomists and surgeons. This book chapter will provide an overview regarding perineal anatomy in the female and will focus on embryology, anatomy of the perineal region with modern proponents. It includes detailed anatomy of Urogenital and Anal triangles, their muscles with blood supply and innervation, anatomy and functions of the perineum, its role in Pelvic Organ Prolapse and clinical significance in urinary and fecal incontinence and contribution towards common obstetric and gynecological pathologies.

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